Trillium ovatum |
Trillium petiolatum |
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Pacific trillium, trillium, western trillium, western wake-robin, western white trillium, white or western trillium, white trillium |
Idaho trillium, long-petioled trillium, petioled wakerobin, purple trillium, purple wakerobin, round-leaf trillium |
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Rhizomes | semierect to horizontal, short, stout, praemorse. |
± erect, often very deep, praemorse. |
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Scapes | 1–2, round, 2–5 dm, ± slender, glabrous. |
typically 1, vertical but mostly subterranean, round in cross section, 0.4–1.7 dm, robust, glabrous. |
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Bracts | sessile, subsessile, or short-petiolate; blade medium green, sometimes blotched and mottled, main veins prominent, ovate-rhombic, 7–12 × 5–20 cm, continuing to expand during anthesis, base rounded, apex acuminate. |
just at or slightly above soil, long-petiolate; blade medium green, not mottled, ovate to elliptic, 7–14 × 5.5–10.2 cm, not glossy, apex obtuse or rounded; petiole arising from scape apex at or near ground surface, 5–12 cm; bract and petiole strongly resembling leaves of Plantago. |
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Flower | erect or nodding, odorless; sepals spreading to horizontal, green, lanceolate to oblong-lanceolate, 15–50 × 6–20 mm, margins entire, apex acute; petals erect-ascending, usually wide-spreading from base, exposing entire pistil, white or with pink or blush markings, lacking V-shaped markings, fading to rosy pink, purple, or dark red, veins not deeply engraved, ± linear to widely obovate, 1.5–7 ×1–4 cm, widest at or above middle, thin-textured, margins flat to undulate, apex acuminate; stamens prominent, slightly recurved-spreading to straight, 10–18 mm; filaments white, shorter than anthers, slender; anthers yellow, 4–16 mm, slender, dehiscence latrorse-introrse; ovary green or white, ovoid, 6-angled, 5–12 mm, attachment ± 3/4 ovary width; stigmas recurved, barely connate basally, greenish white or white, linear, not lobed adaxially, 6–10 mm, uniformly thin; pedicel erect to leaning, 2–6 cm. |
in axil of bracts at or near ground level, ± erect, odor unknown; sepals erect to widely spreading, often weakly recurved near middle, green, oblong-elliptic to oblanceolate, 22–47 × 7–10 mm, margins entire, apex acute; petals long-lasting, ± connivent, ± concealing stamens and ovary, or erect-spreading early then ± connivent, erect to incurved, light maroon-red, purple, or greenish to yellowish, not spirally twisted, flat, linear-lanceolate, 3–5.5 × 0.4–1 cm, thick-textured, margins entire, apex acute; stamens erect, (15–) 22–30 mm; filaments olive, (3–)5–7 mm, slender; anthers straight, brown or olive, 16–20 mm, slender, dehiscence latrose; connectives yellow or orange, ± not extending beyond anther sacs; ovary white, greenish, purplish distally, ovoid, sharply angled, 4–9 mm; stigmas erect, divergent, distinct, purple or olive, linear-subulate, 7–20 mm, apex somewhat recurved. |
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Fruits | baccate, green or white, ± odorless, broadly ovoid, obscurely winged, 1.2–2.8 × 0.7–1.9 cm, pulpy-moist. |
fragrance not reported, ovoid, strongly angled/winged, ca. 1 cm, pulpy, moist. |
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2n | = 10. |
= 10. |
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Trillium ovatum |
Trillium petiolatum |
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Phenology | Flowering spring (early Apr–late May). | |||||
Habitat | Lower rocky hillsides just above stream flats, under brush, edges of coniferous and deciduous forests, open grassy glades, river-flats, wet, seasonally swampy ground and edges of sloughs | |||||
Elevation | 400–1400 m (1300–4600 ft) | |||||
Distribution |
w North America
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ID; OR; WA
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Discussion | Varieties 2 (2 in the flora). (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
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Key |
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Source | FNA vol. 26, p. 100. | FNA vol. 26, p. 113. | ||||
Parent taxa | Liliaceae > Trillium > subg. Trillium | Liliaceae > Trillium > subg. Phyllantherum | ||||
Sibling taxa | ||||||
Subordinate taxa | ||||||
Name authority | Pursh: Fl. Amer. Sept. 1: 245. (1814) | Pursh: Fl. Amer. Sept. 1: 244. (1814) | ||||
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