Trillium ovatum |
Trillium lancifolium |
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Pacific trillium, trillium, western trillium, western wake-robin, western white trillium, white or western trillium, white trillium |
lance-leaf trillium, lanceleaf wakerobin |
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Scapes | 1–2, round, 2–5 dm, ± slender, glabrous. |
1–2, round in cross section, 1.5–3.2 dm, ca. 2.5–3 times longer than bracts, slender, glabrous. |
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Bracts | sessile, subsessile, or short-petiolate; blade medium green, sometimes blotched and mottled, main veins prominent, ovate-rhombic, 7–12 × 5–20 cm, continuing to expand during anthesis, base rounded, apex acuminate. |
often downturned but leaves held well away from ground, sessile; blade mottled darker green, mottling becoming obscure in age, lanceolate to narrowly lanceolate-elliptic, 5–8.3 × 2–3.3 cm, not glossy, apex blunt or acute. |
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Flower | erect or nodding, odorless; sepals spreading to horizontal, green, lanceolate to oblong-lanceolate, 15–50 × 6–20 mm, margins entire, apex acute; petals erect-ascending, usually wide-spreading from base, exposing entire pistil, white or with pink or blush markings, lacking V-shaped markings, fading to rosy pink, purple, or dark red, veins not deeply engraved, ± linear to widely obovate, 1.5–7 ×1–4 cm, widest at or above middle, thin-textured, margins flat to undulate, apex acuminate; stamens prominent, slightly recurved-spreading to straight, 10–18 mm; filaments white, shorter than anthers, slender; anthers yellow, 4–16 mm, slender, dehiscence latrorse-introrse; ovary green or white, ovoid, 6-angled, 5–12 mm, attachment ± 3/4 ovary width; stigmas recurved, barely connate basally, greenish white or white, linear, not lobed adaxially, 6–10 mm, uniformly thin; pedicel erect to leaning, 2–6 cm. |
erect, no odor reported; sepals recurved basally and declining to ± same plane of and alternating with leaves, green, lanceolate, 13–20 × 5–7 mm, margins entire, apex acute; petals long-lasting, erect, ± connivent, not fully concealing stamens and ovary, maroon-red, purple, greenish tan, or 2-colored, claw dark reddish maroon basally, often twisted, linear to narrowly spatulate, 2.8–6.6 × 20–40 cm, widest above middle, thick-textured, basally clawed, margins entire, apex acute, claw to ± 1/2 as long as expanded limb; stamens incurved, 13–21 mm; filaments purple, slender; anthers weakly to strongly incurved, purple, 4–6 mm, ± slender, dehiscence introrse; connectives weakly to strongly incurved, purple, extending 1 mm beyond anthers; ovary dark purple, ovoid-rhomboid, 6-angled, 6–7 mm; stigmas erect, somewhat divergent-recurved, distinct, purple, nearly linear, obscurely subulate, 3–4 mm, weakly fleshy. |
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Fruits | baccate, green or white, ± odorless, broadly ovoid, obscurely winged, 1.2–2.8 × 0.7–1.9 cm, pulpy-moist. |
baccate, purplish, odorless, 6-angled, prolonged angle folds making fruit appear almost winged, 0.7–1.2 cm, pulpy. |
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Rhizome(s) | semierect to horizontal, short, stout, praemorse. |
horizontal, white, very slender-elongated, brittle; internodes elongated. |
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2n | = 10. |
= 10. |
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Trillium ovatum |
Trillium lancifolium |
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Phenology | Flowering later winter–spring (Feb–early May). | |||||
Habitat | Alluvial soils, floodplains, rocky upland woodlands, brushy thickets, canebrakes, heavy shade, or thin, open woods | |||||
Elevation | 20–200 m (100–700 ft) | |||||
Distribution |
w North America
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AL; FL; GA; SC; TN |
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Discussion | Varieties 2 (2 in the flora). (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Trillium lancifolium occurs mostly in small, regionally disjunct populations. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
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Key |
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Source | FNA vol. 26, p. 100. | FNA vol. 26, p. 111. | ||||
Parent taxa | Liliaceae > Trillium > subg. Trillium | Liliaceae > Trillium > subg. Phyllantherum | ||||
Sibling taxa | ||||||
Subordinate taxa | ||||||
Name authority | Pursh: Fl. Amer. Sept. 1: 245. (1814) | Rafinesque: Autik. Bot., 132. (1840) | ||||
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