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dwarf white trillium, snow trillium, snow wakerobin

Rhizomes

short, praemorse.

Scapes

usually 1, 6-gonal in cross section, 0.3–0.5 dm at onset of anthesis, expanding to 0.45–0.8 dm, slender, glabrous.

Bracts

distinctly petiolate;

blade bluish green, elliptic-ovate to ovate, 1.5–4.5 cm × 0.7–34 mm, base abruptly rounded to petiole, apex round-obtuse.

Flower

erect, fragrance sweet;

sepals spreading, flat, bluish green, lanceolate, 10–32 × 2–7 mm, shorter than petals, margins entire, apex obtuse;

petals very showy, recurved to erect-spreading, white, veins not engraved on adaxial surface, ovate-elliptic to oblong, 1.5–3.5+ × 0.8–1.5 cm, thin- to firm-textured, margins entire to slightly wavy, apex obtuse-acuminate;

stamens straight, 5–18 mm;

filaments white, slightly shorter than anthers, slender;

anthers straight, pale yellow, 2.5–11 mm, thin, dehiscence introrse;

ovary greenish white, ± globular, obtusely 3-angled;

style with tips spreading, elongate, 0.5–1.5 mm, slender;

stigmas prominent, recurved or curled, connate basally, white, linear, threadlike, 4–12+ mm;

pedicel erect in anthesis, rapidly recurving below leaves after pollination, 5–20 cm.

Fruits

greenish white, odorless, globose-ovate, 0.6–1 × 0.5–0.8 cm, pulpy, not juicy.

2n

= 10.

Trillium nivale

Phenology Flowering spring (early Mar–early Apr).
Habitat Forested, limestone-derived soils, alkaline glacial drift or loess, creeping soils at head of ledges, talus of cliff bases, crevices in limestone cliffs, gravelly deposits on higher floodplain riverbanks
Elevation 100–300 m (300–1000 ft)
Distribution
from FNA
IA; IL; IN; KY; MD; MI; MN; MO; NE; OH; PA; SD; WI; WV
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

Trillium nivale occurs primarily at the southern edge of Pleistocene glaciation and shuns humus, leaf deposits, and much plant competition.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Source FNA vol. 26, p. 100.
Parent taxa Liliaceae > Trillium > subg. Trillium
Sibling taxa
T. albidum, T. angustipetalum, T. catesbaei, T. cernuum, T. chloropetalum, T. cuneatum, T. decipiens, T. decumbens, T. discolor, T. erectum, T. flexipes, T. foetidissimum, T. gracile, T. grandiflorum, T. kurabayashii, T. lancifolium, T. ludovicianum, T. luteum, T. maculatum, T. ovatum, T. parviflorum, T. persistens, T. petiolatum, T. pusillum, T. recurvatum, T. reliquum, T. rivale, T. rugelii, T. sessile, T. simile, T. stamineum, T. sulcatum, T. underwoodii, T. undulatum, T. vaseyi, T. viride, T. viridescens
Name authority Riddell: Syn. Fl. West. States, 93. (1835)
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