Trillium kurabayashii |
Trillium ludovicianum |
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giant purple wakerobin |
Louisiana trillium, Louisiana wakerobin |
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Rhizomes | horizontal, brownish, thick, praemorse, not brittle. |
± horizontal, brownish, short, thick, praemorse, not brittle. |
Scapes | often 2 from single terminal bud, round in cross section, 2.5–5.5 dm, stout, glabrous. |
1–3, round in cross section, 1.4–2.6 dm, ± slender, glabrous. |
Bracts | held well above ground, sessile; blade bright green (in early anthesis rather succulent in appearance), usually well-marked with lighter and darker green spots, occasionally obscurely or scarcely mottled, mottling becoming obscure with age, ovate to broadly ovate, 11–18 × 12–17 cm, somewhat glossy, apex acuminate. |
held well above ground, sessile; blade strongly mottled in dark and bronzy green, often with central light strip, mottling becoming somewhat obscure with age, lanceolate-ovate, 5.3–9.5 × 2.3–5 cm, not glossy, margins of distal 1/3 convex-curved to apex, apex rounded-acute. |
Flower | odor spicy in fresh flowers, becoming fetid in older flowers; sepals displayed above bracts, spreading, divergent, green, purple-streaked, lanceolate, 40–75 × 10–14 mm, margins entire, apex acute to round-acute; petals long-lasting, conspicuous, spreading-erect to erect, tips incurving slightly, ± connivent, partially to completely concealing stamens and ovary, glossy dark maroon-red or purple, not spirally twisted, flat, oblanceolate, 5.5–11 × 2–3.5 cm, widest at or below middle, glossy, thick-textured, cuneate basally, margins ± flat, entire, apex round-acute; stamens erect, straight, 15–26 mm, slightly concealing ovary; filaments dark purple, 2–4 mm; anthers dark maroon, 13–24 mm, dehiscence introrse; connectives straight, barely extended beyond anther sacs; ovary inconspicuous, purple, ovoid, round to 6-angled, 8–15 mm; stigmas erect, distinct, subulate, 6–8 mm, fleshy, thickened basally. |
erect, odor of carrion; sepals displayed above bracts, spreading, green, lanceolate-oblanceolate, 19–35 × 2.7–4 mm, margins entire, apex rounded or acute to sometimes weakly reflexed; petals long-lasting, faintly introrsely curved-erect-spreading, weakly connivent, ± concealing stamens and ovary, dark maroon-brown, purplish, or dull greenish, or 2-colored, basal portion purple, distal portion grayish green, not spirally twisted, oblanceolate-linear, 3.5–5.5 × 0.4–0.8 cm, thick-textured, thickened and weakly clawed basally, margins entire, apex acute; stamens erect, straight, 10–18 mm; filaments olive-orange, 2–3 mm, widened basally; anthers erect, straight, olive to orange, 7–20 mm, slender, dehiscence latrorse; connectives olive to orange, straight, scarcely extended beyond anther sac; ovary purple, ovoid, 6-angled, 8–9 mm; stigmas erect, with spreading or coiled tips, distinct, pale purple, subulate, 3–6 mm, ± fleshy. |
Fruits | dark reddish purple, ovoid to ellipsoid or weakly angled, 20–50 mm, fleshy. |
dark purplish green, little or no odor, ovoid, 6-angled, pulpy. |
Trillium kurabayashii |
Trillium ludovicianum |
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Phenology | Flowering spring (late Mar–early May). | Flowering late winter–early spring (early Mar–Apr). |
Habitat | Rich, moist conifer-hardwood forest, slopes, especially lower slopes, predominantly deciduous flat woods along streams, edges of Sequoia groves, and alder, vine maple, and fern thickets along streams, especially older, higher flood terraces, not the lowest and wettest, at higher elevations, both in forests and in open grassy meadows with scattered oak trees | Low flatwoods, floodplains along streams, steep ravine slopes leading to floodplains, mixed pine-beech woods |
Elevation | 20–500+ m (100–1600+ ft) | 50–500 m (200–1600 ft) |
Distribution |
CA; OR
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LA; MS |
Discussion | The range of Trillium ludovicianum is near to that of T. cuneatum in Mississippi, and the two appear to intergrade. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
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Source | FNA vol. 26, p. 110. | FNA vol. 26, p. 111. |
Parent taxa | Liliaceae > Trillium > subg. Phyllantherum | Liliaceae > Trillium > subg. Phyllantherum |
Sibling taxa | ||
Name authority | J. D. Freeman: Brittonia 27: 56, fig. 12. (1975) | Harbison: Biltmore Bot. Stud. 1: 23. (1901) |
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