Trillium catesbaei |
Trillium kurabayashii |
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bashful trillium, bashful wakerobin, Catesby's trillium |
giant purple wakerobin |
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Rhizomes | short, tapered to a point distally. |
horizontal, brownish, thick, praemorse, not brittle. |
Scapes | 1–2, round in cross section, 2–4.5 dm, slender, glabrous. |
often 2 from single terminal bud, round in cross section, 2.5–5.5 dm, stout, glabrous. |
Bracts | usually raised somewhat, exposing flower; blade green, often with underlying purplish maroon in well-lighted plants, major veins on adaxial surface deeply engraved, elliptic-ovate, 6.5–15 × 4–8 cm, including elongated, petiolelike base, proximal 1/3 of leaf gradually tapered to base, margins often slightly raised, apex blunt-acute to acuminate. |
held well above ground, sessile; blade bright green (in early anthesis rather succulent in appearance), usually well-marked with lighter and darker green spots, occasionally obscurely or scarcely mottled, mottling becoming obscure with age, ovate to broadly ovate, 11–18 × 12–17 cm, somewhat glossy, apex acuminate. |
Flower | opening at or recurved below bracts, rarely erect; sepals falcate-recurved, green or streaked with purple, linear-lanceolate, 20–45 × 7–8 mm, margins ± flat, apex acuminate; petals falcate-recurved distally, white, pink, or rose, darkening to pink or nonfading with age, veins visible but not appearing engraved, elliptic-oblong to oblong-lanceolate, 3.5–5 × 1–2+ cm, thin-textured, bases somewhat imbricated, forming funnel-like tube, margins undulate, apex acuminate; stamens prominent, recurved, 16–25 mm; filaments white, slightly longer and narrower than anthers; anthers recurving, bright yellow, 5–14 mm, thick, dehiscence introrse; ovary inconspicuous, white, angular-ovoid, deeply 6-angled, 4–12 × 3–7 mm, slender, base narrow; style 2–6 mm; stigmas prominent, strongly curled (circinate) to erect, connate basally, pale green or white, not lobed, 4–10 mm, uniformly thin; pedicel deflexed or recurved, rarely erect, angled, 2–4(–5) cm. |
odor spicy in fresh flowers, becoming fetid in older flowers; sepals displayed above bracts, spreading, divergent, green, purple-streaked, lanceolate, 40–75 × 10–14 mm, margins entire, apex acute to round-acute; petals long-lasting, conspicuous, spreading-erect to erect, tips incurving slightly, ± connivent, partially to completely concealing stamens and ovary, glossy dark maroon-red or purple, not spirally twisted, flat, oblanceolate, 5.5–11 × 2–3.5 cm, widest at or below middle, glossy, thick-textured, cuneate basally, margins ± flat, entire, apex round-acute; stamens erect, straight, 15–26 mm, slightly concealing ovary; filaments dark purple, 2–4 mm; anthers dark maroon, 13–24 mm, dehiscence introrse; connectives straight, barely extended beyond anther sacs; ovary inconspicuous, purple, ovoid, round to 6-angled, 8–15 mm; stigmas erect, distinct, subulate, 6–8 mm, fleshy, thickened basally. |
Fruits | baccate, greenish or whitish, ovoid-globose, angles less prominent when mature, 1–1.5 cm diam., pulpy but not juicy. |
dark reddish purple, ovoid to ellipsoid or weakly angled, 20–50 mm, fleshy. |
Trillium catesbaei |
Trillium kurabayashii |
|
Phenology | Flowering spring–summer (late Mar–early Jun). | Flowering spring (late Mar–early May). |
Habitat | Acid soils, open dry or rich woods, laurel and rhododendron thickets, cove forests | Rich, moist conifer-hardwood forest, slopes, especially lower slopes, predominantly deciduous flat woods along streams, edges of Sequoia groves, and alder, vine maple, and fern thickets along streams, especially older, higher flood terraces, not the lowest and wettest, at higher elevations, both in forests and in open grassy meadows with scattered oak trees |
Elevation | 50–800 m (200–2600 ft) | 20–500+ m (100–1600+ ft) |
Distribution |
AL; GA; NC; SC; TN
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CA; OR
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Discussion | Elliott, author of Trillium catesbaei, apparently recognized one of its forms separately as T. nervosum. This name is still mentioned in British horticultural and botanical literature, but it is rarely found in U.S. literature. North American botanists treat T. nervosum as a synonym of T. catesbaei. Plants of Trillium catesbaei from deep coves in South Carolina tend to have petals that are deeper pink and longer and wider than those of many other populations. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
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Source | FNA vol. 26, p. 96. | FNA vol. 26, p. 110. |
Parent taxa | Liliaceae > Trillium > subg. Trillium | Liliaceae > Trillium > subg. Phyllantherum |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | T. affine, T. nervosum, T. stylosum | |
Name authority | Elliott: Sketch Bot. S. Carolina 1: 429. (1817) | J. D. Freeman: Brittonia 27: 56, fig. 12. (1975) |
Web links |