Triglochin maritima |
Triglochin striata |
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arrow-grass, common arrow-grass, saltmarsh arrow-grass, seaside arrow-grass, troscart maritime |
streaked arrow grass, three-rib arrow-grass |
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Habit | Plants with fibrous strands of old leaves at base, 3.5–61.5 cm. | Plants with fibrous strands of old leaves at base, 6–35 cm. |
Leaves | erect from sheath, mostly shorter than scape, 2.2–11.5 cm; sheath 0.7–2.5 cm × 1–1.8 mm, ligule occasionally hoodlike, apically 2-lobed; blade 0.9–1.4 mm wide, apex obtuse to round. |
erect from sheath, mostly longer than scapes, 4–35 cm; sheath 1.1–7.5 cm × 0.7–1 mm, ligule not hoodlike, unlobed; blade 0.2–5 mm wide, apex round-acute. |
Inflorescences | scape often purple near base, mostly exceeding leaves, 1–16.5 cm × 0.5–1 mm; racemes 6–45 cm × 1.5–7 mm; pedicel 1–4 × 0.2–0.3 mm. |
scape green to brown, mostly exceeded by leaves, 4.5–21.5 cm × 0.3–1.6 mm; racemes 0.6–20.3 × 0.4–1.3 cm; pedicels 0.4–2.1 × 0.1–0.3 mm. |
Flowers | tepals elliptic, 1.3–1.7 × 0.6–1.4 mm, apex acute; pistils 6, all fertile. |
tepals oval to elliptic, 0.6–1 × 0.8–0.9 mm, apex obtuse; pistils 6, 3 fertile, 3 sterile. |
Fruits | fruiting receptacle without wings; schizocarps linear to near globose, 2–4.5 × 1.5–2 mm; mericarps linear to linear-obovate, weakly ridged, 1.5–3.5 × 0.7–1 mm, beak erect to recurved, 0.2 mm. |
fruiting receptacle with wings; schizocarps globose to broader than long, 1–2 × 1.5–2.3 mm; mericarps obovate, strongly 3-keeled, 1–1.5 × 0.5–0.9 mm, beak reflexed, ca. 0.2 mm. |
Chromosome number | unavailableunknown. |
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2n | = 12, 24, 36, 48, 120. |
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Triglochin maritima |
Triglochin striata |
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Phenology | Flowering summer–fall. | Flowering summer-- and fall. |
Habitat | Coastal and mountain marsh areas and moist alkaline meadows | Coastal alkaline marshes |
Elevation | 0–4000 m (0–13100 ft) | 0–10 m (0–0 ft) |
Distribution |
AK; AZ; CA; CO; CT; IA; ID; IL; IN; KS; MA; ME; MI; MN; MT; ND; NE; NH; NJ; NM; NV; NY; OH; OK; OR; PA; RI; SD; UT; VT; WA; WI; WY; AB; BC; MB; NB; NL; NS; NT; NU; ON; PE; QC; SK; YT; Mexico; South America; n Europe; n Asia
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AL; CA; FL; GA; LA; MS; NC; OR; SC; VA; Mexico; West Indies (Bahamas, Greater Antilles); South America (Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Peru)
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Discussion | This taxon has been separated into Triglochin concinna and T. maritima based upon the lobing of the ligule and the smaller size of the plants of the former (e.g., J. L. Reveal 1977; R. F. Thorne 1993). On a local basis such a separation seems warranted. Examination of the T. maritima complex throughout the Americas, however, reveals continuous variation from small, widely spaced plants with 2-lobed ligules to large, tufted plants with unlobed ligules, including plants with all combinations of those characters. Triglochin maritima is important in livestock management because it is quite toxic: it is a cyanide producer. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
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Source | FNA vol. 22. | FNA vol. 22. |
Parent taxa | Juncaginaceae > Triglochin | Juncaginaceae > Triglochin |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | T. concinna, T. concinna var. debilis, T. debilis, T. elata | |
Name authority | Linnaeus: Sp. Pl. 1: 339. 1753 (as maritimum) | Ruiz & Pavón: Flora Peruviana 3: 72. 1802 (as striatum) |
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