Triglochin maritima |
Triglochin gaspensis |
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arrow-grass, common arrow-grass, saltmarsh arrow-grass, seaside arrow-grass, troscart maritime |
Gaspé Peninsula arrow-grass |
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Habit | Plants with fibrous strands of old leaves at base, 3.5–61.5 cm. | Plants with strands of old leaves at base, (5–)10–15(–20) cm. |
Leaves | erect from sheath, mostly shorter than scape, 2.2–11.5 cm; sheath 0.7–2.5 cm × 1–1.8 mm, ligule occasionally hoodlike, apically 2-lobed; blade 0.9–1.4 mm wide, apex obtuse to round. |
curving outward from sheath at 30–50° angle, slender, almost terete, equaling or slightly longer than scapes, (5–)10–15(–20) cm; sheath 12.5–21 × 1.8–3 mm, ligule often hoodlike, apically 2-lobed; blade 0.5–1 mm wide, apex acute. |
Inflorescences | scape often purple near base, mostly exceeding leaves, 1–16.5 cm × 0.5–1 mm; racemes 6–45 cm × 1.5–7 mm; pedicel 1–4 × 0.2–0.3 mm. |
scapes often purple near base, (5–)10–15(–20) cm × 0.5–1(–1.5) mm; thick; racemes (2–)3–5(–7) cm; pedicels 1.4–4 × 0.1 mm. |
Flowers | tepals elliptic, 1.3–1.7 × 0.6–1.4 mm, apex acute; pistils 6, all fertile. |
tepals somewhat rounded, 1.2–1.5 × 1.1–1.8 mm, apex obtuse; pistils (3–)6–(9–12), 6 fertile. |
Fruits | fruiting receptacle without wings; schizocarps linear to near globose, 2–4.5 × 1.5–2 mm; mericarps linear to linear-obovate, weakly ridged, 1.5–3.5 × 0.7–1 mm, beak erect to recurved, 0.2 mm. |
fruiting receptacle without wings; schizocarps linear, 3–4 × 1 mm; mericarps linear, weakly ridged, 3–4 × 1 mm, beak recurved, 0.9–1 mm. |
2n | = 12, 24, 36, 48, 120. |
= 96. |
Triglochin maritima |
Triglochin gaspensis |
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Phenology | Flowering summer–fall. | Flowering summer (Jul–Aug). |
Habitat | Coastal and mountain marsh areas and moist alkaline meadows | Tidal saltwater marshes, usually submerged daily |
Elevation | 0–4000 m (0–13100 ft) | 0 m (0 ft) |
Distribution |
AK; AZ; CA; CO; CT; IA; ID; IL; IN; KS; MA; ME; MI; MN; MT; ND; NE; NH; NJ; NM; NV; NY; OH; OK; OR; PA; RI; SD; UT; VT; WA; WI; WY; AB; BC; MB; NB; NL; NS; NT; NU; ON; PE; QC; SK; YT; Mexico; South America; n Europe; n Asia
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ME; NB; NF; NS; PE; QC |
Discussion | This taxon has been separated into Triglochin concinna and T. maritima based upon the lobing of the ligule and the smaller size of the plants of the former (e.g., J. L. Reveal 1977; R. F. Thorne 1993). On a local basis such a separation seems warranted. Examination of the T. maritima complex throughout the Americas, however, reveals continuous variation from small, widely spaced plants with 2-lobed ligules to large, tufted plants with unlobed ligules, including plants with all combinations of those characters. Triglochin maritima is important in livestock management because it is quite toxic: it is a cyanide producer. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Plants of Triglochin gaspensis tend to form lawnlike patches in contrast to the clumped habit of other northern species of the genus. Of conservation concern. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 22. | FNA vol. 22. |
Parent taxa | Juncaginaceae > Triglochin | Juncaginaceae > Triglochin |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | T. concinna, T. concinna var. debilis, T. debilis, T. elata | |
Name authority | Linnaeus: Sp. Pl. 1: 339. 1753 (as maritimum) | Lieth & D. Löve: Canadian Journal of Botany 39: 1271, figs. 1, 2 Aa, 3, 4 Aa, 5 a, e, f, 6. 1961 (as gaspense) |
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