Trifolium willdenovii |
Trifolium alexandrinum |
|
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sand clover, thimble clover, tomcat clover, Willdenow's clover |
Egyptian clover |
|
Habit | Herbs annual, 10–60 cm, glabrous. | Herbs annual, 20–60 cm, appressed-pubescent. |
Stems | erect, branched. |
erect, branched. |
Leaves | palmate; stipules lanceolate or ovate, 1–2 cm, margins dentate or lacerate, apex acuminate; petiole 1–8 cm; petiolules 0.5 mm; leaflets 3, blades linear, lanceolate, or elliptic, 1–5 × 0.2–1.5 cm, base cuneate, veins fine, margins serrate, apex acute, blunt, or retuse, surfaces glabrous. |
palmate; stipules lanceolate, 1–2 cm, margins denticulate distally, plumose-ciliate, apex caudate; petiole 1–8 cm; petiolules 1+ mm; leaflets 3, blades broadly elliptic to oblong, 1–5 × 0.5–1.5 cm, base cuneate, veins fine, margins denticulate, apex usually mucronate, sometimes retuse, surfaces hairy. |
Inflorescences | axillary or terminal, 10–50-flowered, globose or ovoid, 1–3.5 × 1–3 cm; involucres flattened or bowl-shaped, 3–9 mm, when folded, not hiding flowers except proximally, incised 1/4–1/3 their length. |
terminal, 25–100-flowered, ovoid, elongate in fruit, 1–2.5 × 1–1.5 cm; involucres minute or absent. |
Peduncles | 2–15 cm. |
0.5–9 cm. |
Pedicels | erect, 0.5 mm; bracteoles absent. |
absent; bracteoles absent. |
Flowers | 12–20 mm; calyx tubular-campanulate, slit between adaxial lobes, 6–9 mm, glabrous, veins 10–15, tube 3–7 mm, lobes unequal, triangular or subulate, usually 3-fid or shouldered below apex, orifice open; corolla usually white with purple spot, sometimes lavender or pink or all white, 10–18 mm, banner narrowly oblong, 12–20 × 3–4 mm, apex obtuse or retuse. |
13–16 mm; calyx cylindric (campanulate in fruit), 6–8 mm, appressed-hairy, veins 10, tube 1–2 mm, lobes erect to slightly spreading, equal or abaxial 2 slightly longer, narrowly triangular, orifice open, hairy; corolla cream or yellowish white, 13–16 mm, banner narrowly spatulate, 13–16 × 3–4 mm, apex obtuse. |
Legumes | ellipsoid, 3 mm. |
ellipsoid, leathery distally, transversely dehiscent, 2.2–2.5 mm. |
Seeds | 1 or 2, yellow, mottled, globose-ellipsoid, 1.5–2.5 mm, smooth. |
1, yellow, ovoid, 2–2.2 mm, smooth, glossy. |
2n | = 16. |
= 16. |
Trifolium willdenovii |
Trifolium alexandrinum |
|
Phenology | Flowering Mar–Jul. | Flowering Apr–May. |
Habitat | Roadsides, meadows, lawns, hillsides, stream margins, open oak chaparral. | Disturbed areas, fields. |
Elevation | 0–2500 m. (0–8200 ft.) | 0–50 m. (0–200 ft.) |
Distribution |
AZ; CA; ID; OR; WA; BC; Mexico (Baja California)
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CA; w Asia (Syria) [Introduced in North America; introduced also in e Asia (e China), n Africa, Australia] |
Discussion | Trifolium willdenovii was described by M. Zohary and D. Heller (1984) as one of the most variable clover species in North America. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Trifolium alexandrinum (known also as berseem, from its Arabic name) has been cultivated in the Mediterranean region for millennia and appears to have been introduced into Egypt in the sixth century (P. B. Kennedy and W. W. Mackie 1925). The origin of T. alexandrinum was long shrouded in mystery, because it appeared that the progenitors of the species were possibly extinct (W. E. Knight 1985b). Examination of similar species using molecular data gave indications that T. berytheum Boissier & C. I. Blanche and T. salmoneum Mouterde might be the primary ancestors from which domestication occurred through artificial selection in Syria (A. Badr et al. 2008). (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 11. | FNA vol. 11. |
Parent taxa | Fabaceae > subfam. Faboideae > Trifolium | Fabaceae > subfam. Faboideae > Trifolium |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | T. involucratum, T. aciculare, T. nuttallii, T. scabrellum, T. segetum, T. tridentatum, T. tridentatum var. aciculare, T. tridentatum var. scabrellum, T. tridentatum var. segetum, T. tridentatum var. watsonii, T. trimorphum, T. watsonii | |
Name authority | Sprengel: Syst. Veg. 3: 208. (1826) | Linnaeus: Cent. Pl. I, 25. (1755) |
Web links |
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