Trifolium vesiculosum |
Trifolium wormskioldii |
|
---|---|---|
arrow-leaf clover |
coast clover, cow clover, cows clover, salt marsh clover, springbank clover, wormskjold's clover |
|
Habit | Herbs annual, 15–70 cm, glabrous. | Herbs perennial, 10–40 cm, glabrous; rhizomes elongate. |
Stems | erect or ascending, branched. |
erect, ascending, or decumbent, branched. |
Leaves | palmate; stipules linear-lanceolate, 1–3.5 cm, margins entire, apex subulate or setaceous; petiole 0.5–10 cm; petiolules 1 mm; leaflet 3, blades obovate to oblong, elliptic or lanceolate, 0.5–4 × 0.5–1.5 cm, base cuneate, veins prominent, thickened, margins spinulose-denticulate, apex apiculate, surfaces glabrous. |
palmate; stipules ovate to lanceolate, 1.5–2 cm, margins entire (proximal stipules) or lacerate (distal stipules), apex acute to acuminate; petiole 1–11 cm; petiolules 0.5 mm; leaflets 3, blades obovate to elliptic, 0.4–4.2 × 0.2–1.3 cm, base cuneate or rounded, veins fine or thickened distally, margins spinulose-serrate, apex usually acute to rounded, sometimes retuse or mucronate, surfaces glabrous. |
Inflorescences | terminal or axillary, 50–100+-flowered, globose, ovoid, or oblong, 3–6 × 2–3.5 cm; involucres absent. |
axillary or terminal, 20–50-flowered, subglobose or globose, 1.8–2.5 × 2–2.5 cm; involucres broadly bowl-shaped, 12–20 mm, incised 1/3–1/2 their length, lobes 10+, sharply and acutely serrate, veins prominent. |
Peduncles | 1–12 cm. |
1.5–11 cm. |
Pedicels | absent; bracteoles lanceolate, 6–7 mm, acuminate. |
straight, 1.5–2 mm; bracteoles linear or ovate, 1–2 mm. |
Flowers | 12–16 mm; calyx urceolate, not bilabiate, inflated in fruit, 6–10 mm, glabrous, veins 20–36, connected by transverse veins in fruit, tube 3–5 mm, lobes reflexed, subequal, subulate, as long as tube, orifice constricted; corolla white becoming pink, 12–15 mm, banner ovate, broadly clawed, striate, 12–15 × 2–4 mm, apex acute-acuminate. |
12–14 mm, odor somewhat unpleasant; calyx whitish, tubular, 5–6 mm, glabrous, veins 10, tube 2–3 mm, lobes green to purple, subequal, abaxial rarely longer than tube, orifice open; corolla usually magenta to purple, rarely white or bicolored, 10–12 mm, banner ovate-oblong, 12–14 × 2–3 mm, apex truncate or rounded, slightly retuse. |
Legumes | ellipsoid, 2.5–2.5 mm, shorter than calyx. |
oblong, 2–4 mm. |
Seeds | 2 or 3, brown, ovoid, 1–1.5 mm, roughened. |
3 or 4, brown, sometimes mottled, subglobose or mitten-shaped, 1.5 mm, smooth. |
2n | = 16. |
= 16, 32. |
Trifolium vesiculosum |
Trifolium wormskioldii |
|
Phenology | Flowering Apr–Jul. | Flowering Mar–Sep. |
Habitat | Fields, roadsides, forest openings. | Saline flats, beaches, meadows, grassy areas, alluvial soils. |
Elevation | 0–1000 m. (0–3300 ft.) | 0–2700 m. (0–8900 ft.) |
Distribution |
AL; AR; CA; FL; GA; LA; MA; MO; MS; OK; OR; SC; TX; VA; WA; s Europe; e Europe; w Asia [Introduced in North America]
|
AZ; CA; CO; ID; NM; NV; OR; UT; WA; WY; BC; Mexico (Baja California)
|
Discussion | Trifolium vesiculosum was first introduced into cultivation in the United States in 1963 and is grown in southern and western states (J. D. Miller and H. D. Wells 1985). (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Trifolium wormskioldii is largely tetraploid and is widespread in western North America. Distinguishing T. wormskioldii from closely allied species (especially T. mucronatum) is sometimes difficult, which led R. C. Barneby (1989) to synonymize T. mucronatum and T. pinetorum under the former name. Trifolium wormskioldii produces long, white rhizomes; T. mucronatum produces only short rhizomes at most, often only small, fibrous roots or taproots (J. M. Gillett 1980). The distinction of T. pinetorum from T. wormskioldii was supported by N. W. Ellison et al. (2006); those authors did not include material of T. mucronatum in their DNA analyses. Trifolium wormskioldii rhizomes may have been a food resource for Native American groups in the Pacific Northwest (N. J. Turner and H. V. Kuhnlein 1982). (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 11. | FNA vol. 11. |
Parent taxa | Fabaceae > subfam. Faboideae > Trifolium | Fabaceae > subfam. Faboideae > Trifolium |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | Lupinaster wormskioldii, T. fendleri, T. fimbriatum, T. heterodon, T. spinulosum | |
Name authority | Savi: Fl. Pis. 2: 165. (1798) — (as vessiculosum) | Lehmann: Index Seminum (Hamburg) 1825: 17. (1825) |
Web links |
|
|