Trifolium vesiculosum |
Trifolium virginicum |
|
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arrow-leaf clover |
kates mountain clover |
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Habit | Herbs annual, 15–70 cm, glabrous. | Herbs perennial, 3–10 cm, pilose. |
Stems | erect or ascending, branched. |
cespitose, prostrate, branched from crown. |
Leaves | palmate; stipules linear-lanceolate, 1–3.5 cm, margins entire, apex subulate or setaceous; petiole 0.5–10 cm; petiolules 1 mm; leaflet 3, blades obovate to oblong, elliptic or lanceolate, 0.5–4 × 0.5–1.5 cm, base cuneate, veins prominent, thickened, margins spinulose-denticulate, apex apiculate, surfaces glabrous. |
palmate; stipules oblanceolate to ovate, 1–1.5 cm, margins entire, apex acute-acuminate; petiole 5–10 cm; petiolules to 1 mm; leaflets 3, blades linear-elliptic, elliptic, narrowly oblong, or lanceolate, 1–7 × 0.4–1 cm, base cuneate, veins fine or thickened, margins entire or serrulate, apex truncate to acute, surfaces pubescent abaxially, glabrous adaxially. |
Inflorescences | terminal or axillary, 50–100+-flowered, globose, ovoid, or oblong, 3–6 × 2–3.5 cm; involucres absent. |
terminal or axillary, 20–40-flowered, becoming supine in fruit, globose, 1.5–3.5 × 1.5–3 cm; involucres absent. |
Peduncles | 1–12 cm. |
2–6 cm. |
Pedicels | absent; bracteoles lanceolate, 6–7 mm, acuminate. |
reflexed in fruit, 3–8 mm; bracteoles ovate or lanceolate-linear, to 1 mm. |
Flowers | 12–16 mm; calyx urceolate, not bilabiate, inflated in fruit, 6–10 mm, glabrous, veins 20–36, connected by transverse veins in fruit, tube 3–5 mm, lobes reflexed, subequal, subulate, as long as tube, orifice constricted; corolla white becoming pink, 12–15 mm, banner ovate, broadly clawed, striate, 12–15 × 2–4 mm, apex acute-acuminate. |
10–12 mm; calyx campanulate, 4–7 mm, pilose, veins 10, tube 1.5–3 mm, lobes equal, subulate, orifice open; corolla white, sometimes becoming pink to red, 10–12 mm, banner obovate-oblong, 10–12 × 4–5 mm, apex rounded, retuse or mucronate. |
Legumes | ellipsoid, 2.5–2.5 mm, shorter than calyx. |
stipitate, obovoid, 4–7.5 mm. |
Seeds | 2 or 3, brown, ovoid, 1–1.5 mm, roughened. |
1, yellow-brown, mitten-shaped, 1.8–2.1 mm, rugose. |
2n | = 16. |
= 16. |
Trifolium vesiculosum |
Trifolium virginicum |
|
Phenology | Flowering Apr–Jul. | Flowering May–Jun. |
Habitat | Fields, roadsides, forest openings. | Shale barren slopes. |
Elevation | 0–1000 m. (0–3300 ft.) | 400–1200 m. (1300–3900 ft.) |
Distribution |
AL; AR; CA; FL; GA; LA; MA; MO; MS; OK; OR; SC; TX; VA; WA; s Europe; e Europe; w Asia [Introduced in North America]
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MD; PA; VA; WV |
Discussion | Trifolium vesiculosum was first introduced into cultivation in the United States in 1963 and is grown in southern and western states (J. D. Miller and H. D. Wells 1985). (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Trifolium virginicum is an endemic species of shale barrens in the Appalachian Mountains, from Bedford, Franklin, and Fulton counties in Pennsylvania, southward through eastern West Virginia and western Maryland, to northwestern Virginia. Genetic similarity is high among populations of Trifolium virginicum, and gene flow appears to be low (T. M. Linscott 1994). (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 11. | FNA vol. 11. |
Parent taxa | Fabaceae > subfam. Faboideae > Trifolium | Fabaceae > subfam. Faboideae > Trifolium |
Sibling taxa | ||
Name authority | Savi: Fl. Pis. 2: 165. (1798) — (as vessiculosum) | Small: Mem. Torrey Bot. Club 4: 112, plate 75. (1894) |
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