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Monterey clover

Habit Herbs annual, 15–70 cm, glabrous. Herbs annual, 5–45 cm, sparsely villous to glabrescent.
Stems

erect or ascending, branched.

prostrate, decumbent, or erect, branched.

Leaves

palmate;

stipules linear-lanceolate, 1–3.5 cm, margins entire, apex subulate or setaceous;

petiole 0.5–10 cm;

petiolules 1 mm;

leaflet 3, blades obovate to oblong, elliptic or lanceolate, 0.5–4 × 0.5–1.5 cm, base cuneate, veins prominent, thickened, margins spinulose-denticulate, apex apiculate, surfaces glabrous.

palmate;

stipules ovate, 0.4–1.2 cm, margins serrate-lacerate, apex acuminate;

petiole 1–4 cm;

petiolules 0.5 mm;

leaflets 3, blades obovate, 0.5–1.5 × 0.4–1 cm, base cuneate, veins moderately prominent, margins denticulate, apex truncate, retuse, or mucronulate, surfaces glabrescent.

Inflorescences

terminal or axillary, 50–100+-flowered, globose, ovoid, or oblong, 3–6 × 2–3.5 cm;

involucres absent.

axillary or terminal, 2–15-flowered, subglobose, 1.5–1.8 × 0.5–1.5 cm;

involucres flattened or vase-shaped, 1–3 mm, when folded, not hiding flowers except proximally, incised 2/3–3/4 their length, lobes 5–15, linear-lanceolate, entire, acuminate.

Peduncles

1–12 cm.

1.5–4 cm.

Pedicels

absent;

bracteoles lanceolate, 6–7 mm, acuminate.

erect, 1.5 mm;

bracteoles absent.

Flowers

12–16 mm;

calyx urceolate, not bilabiate, inflated in fruit, 6–10 mm, glabrous, veins 20–36, connected by transverse veins in fruit, tube 3–5 mm, lobes reflexed, subequal, subulate, as long as tube, orifice constricted;

corolla white becoming pink, 12–15 mm, banner ovate, broadly clawed, striate, 12–15 × 2–4 mm, apex acute-acuminate.

8–11 mm;

calyx campanulate-tubular, not slit between adaxial lobes, 6–9 mm, usually densely pubescent, rarely sparsely so, veins 10, tube 2.5–4.5 mm, lobes unequal, lanceolate-subulate, orifice open;

corolla light purple with darker purple keel petals, 6–10 mm, banner narrowly obovate, 4–5 × 1 mm, apex retuse.

Legumes

ellipsoid, 2.5–2.5 mm, shorter than calyx.

sessile, oblong, 5 mm.

Seeds

2 or 3, brown, ovoid, 1–1.5 mm, roughened.

3–6(–9), pale brown, mottled purple, globose to mitten-shaped, 0.8–1 mm, smooth to slightly roughened, semiglossy.

2n

= 16.

Trifolium vesiculosum

Trifolium trichocalyx

Phenology Flowering Apr–Jul. Flowering Apr–May.
Habitat Fields, roadsides, forest openings. Sandy, rich soils in open Monterey pine forests, often after fire.
Elevation 0–1000 m. (0–3300 ft.) 0–50 m. (0–200 ft.)
Distribution
from FNA
AL; AR; CA; FL; GA; LA; MA; MO; MS; OK; OR; SC; TX; VA; WA; s Europe; e Europe; w Asia [Introduced in North America]
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
from FNA
CA
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

Trifolium vesiculosum was first introduced into cultivation in the United States in 1963 and is grown in southern and western states (J. D. Miller and H. D. Wells 1985).

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Trifolium trichocalyx is an extremely rare species known only from Mendocino and Monterey counties. D. I. Axelrod (1982) suggested that T. trichocalyx might have originated as a hybrid between T. microcephalum and T. variegatum, but this is not supported by molecular studies (N. W. Ellison et al. 2006). It appears to be fire-adapted and appeared in large numbers shortly after a fire in 1987 (U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service 2004).

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Source FNA vol. 11. FNA vol. 11.
Parent taxa Fabaceae > subfam. Faboideae > Trifolium Fabaceae > subfam. Faboideae > Trifolium
Sibling taxa
T. albopurpureum, T. alexandrinum, T. amoenum, T. amphianthum, T. andersonii, T. andinum, T. angustifolium, T. appendiculatum, T. arvense, T. attenuatum, T. aureum, T. barbigerum, T. barnebyi, T. beckwithii, T. bejariense, T. bifidum, T. bolanderi, T. brandegeei, T. breweri, T. buckwestiorum, T. calcaricum, T. campestre, T. carolinianum, T. cernuum, T. ciliolatum, T. columbinum, T. cyathiferum, T. dasyphyllum, T. dedeckerae, T. depauperatum, T. dichotomum, T. douglasii, T. dubium, T. echinatum, T. eriocephalum, T. fragiferum, T. friscanum, T. fucatum, T. glomeratum, T. gracilentum, T. grayi, T. gymnocarpon, T. haydenii, T. hirtum, T. howellii, T. hybridum, T. hydrophilum, T. incarnatum, T. jokerstii, T. kentuckiense, T. kingii, T. lappaceum, T. latifolium, T. leibergii, T. lemmonii, T. longipes, T. lupinaster, T. macilentum, T. macraei, T. macrocephalum, T. medium, T. microcephalum, T. microdon, T. monanthum, T. mucronatum, T. nanum, T. nigrescens, T. obtusiflorum, T. oliganthum, T. ornithopodioides, T. owyheense, T. palmeri, T. parryi, T. pinetorum, T. piorkowskii, T. plumosum, T. polyodon, T. pratense, T. productum, T. reflexum, T. repens, T. resupinatum, T. retusum, T. rollinsii, T. siskiyouense, T. sonorense, T. stoloniferum, T. striatum, T. subterraneum, T. suffocatum, T. thompsonii, T. tomentosum, T. trichocalyx, T. variegatum, T. virginicum, T. willdenovii, T. wormskioldii
T. albopurpureum, T. alexandrinum, T. amoenum, T. amphianthum, T. andersonii, T. andinum, T. angustifolium, T. appendiculatum, T. arvense, T. attenuatum, T. aureum, T. barbigerum, T. barnebyi, T. beckwithii, T. bejariense, T. bifidum, T. bolanderi, T. brandegeei, T. breweri, T. buckwestiorum, T. calcaricum, T. campestre, T. carolinianum, T. cernuum, T. ciliolatum, T. columbinum, T. cyathiferum, T. dasyphyllum, T. dedeckerae, T. depauperatum, T. dichotomum, T. douglasii, T. dubium, T. echinatum, T. eriocephalum, T. fragiferum, T. friscanum, T. fucatum, T. glomeratum, T. gracilentum, T. grayi, T. gymnocarpon, T. haydenii, T. hirtum, T. howellii, T. hybridum, T. hydrophilum, T. incarnatum, T. jokerstii, T. kentuckiense, T. kingii, T. lappaceum, T. latifolium, T. leibergii, T. lemmonii, T. longipes, T. lupinaster, T. macilentum, T. macraei, T. macrocephalum, T. medium, T. microcephalum, T. microdon, T. monanthum, T. mucronatum, T. nanum, T. nigrescens, T. obtusiflorum, T. oliganthum, T. ornithopodioides, T. owyheense, T. palmeri, T. parryi, T. pinetorum, T. piorkowskii, T. plumosum, T. polyodon, T. pratense, T. productum, T. reflexum, T. repens, T. resupinatum, T. retusum, T. rollinsii, T. siskiyouense, T. sonorense, T. stoloniferum, T. striatum, T. subterraneum, T. suffocatum, T. thompsonii, T. tomentosum, T. variegatum, T. vesiculosum, T. virginicum, T. willdenovii, T. wormskioldii
Synonyms T. oliganthum var. trichocalyx
Name authority Savi: Fl. Pis. 2: 165. (1798) — (as vessiculosum) A. Heller: Muhlenbergia 1: 55. (1904)
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