Trifolium vesiculosum |
Trifolium stoloniferum |
|
---|---|---|
arrow-leaf clover |
running buffalo clover |
|
Habit | Herbs annual, 15–70 cm, glabrous. | Herbs perennial, 10–20 cm, glabrous or sparsely pubescent. |
Stems | erect or ascending, branched. |
creeping, branched, rooting at nodes. |
Leaves | palmate; stipules linear-lanceolate, 1–3.5 cm, margins entire, apex subulate or setaceous; petiole 0.5–10 cm; petiolules 1 mm; leaflet 3, blades obovate to oblong, elliptic or lanceolate, 0.5–4 × 0.5–1.5 cm, base cuneate, veins prominent, thickened, margins spinulose-denticulate, apex apiculate, surfaces glabrous. |
palmate, opposite or subopposite on erect stems; stipules lanceolate (on prostrate stems) or ovate (on erect stems), 1–2 cm, margins entire or shallowly serrate, apex acuminate; petioles 6–15 cm on prostrate stems, 0.5–4 cm on erect stems; petiolules 1 mm; leaflets 3, blades broadly ovate or obcordate, 1–2 × 0.5–2.5 cm, base broadly cuneate to rounded, veins fine, margins serrate, apex emarginate or rounded, surfaces glabrous. |
Inflorescences | terminal or axillary, 50–100+-flowered, globose, ovoid, or oblong, 3–6 × 2–3.5 cm; involucres absent. |
terminal, single or paired at tip of upright stem, 15–30-flowered, globose, 2–3.5 × 2–3.5 cm; involucres absent. |
Peduncles | 1–12 cm. |
2–7 cm. |
Pedicels | absent; bracteoles lanceolate, 6–7 mm, acuminate. |
elongated and strongly reflexed in fruit, 2–5 mm; bracteoles lanceolate, 2 mm. |
Flowers | 12–16 mm; calyx urceolate, not bilabiate, inflated in fruit, 6–10 mm, glabrous, veins 20–36, connected by transverse veins in fruit, tube 3–5 mm, lobes reflexed, subequal, subulate, as long as tube, orifice constricted; corolla white becoming pink, 12–15 mm, banner ovate, broadly clawed, striate, 12–15 × 2–4 mm, apex acute-acuminate. |
9–15 mm; calyx campanulate, 4–7 mm, glabrous or sparsely pubescent, veins 10, tube 1.3–3.3 mm, lobes subequal, subulate, orifice open; corolla white, veins often pinkish, 8–14 mm, banner ovate or oblong, 8–14 × 4–5 mm, apex rounded or emarginate. |
Legumes | ellipsoid, 2.5–2.5 mm, shorter than calyx. |
oblong, 2.5–3 mm. |
Seeds | 2 or 3, brown, ovoid, 1–1.5 mm, roughened. |
1 or 2, tan to brown, reniform, 1.3–2 mm, smooth. |
2n | = 16. |
= 16. |
Trifolium vesiculosum |
Trifolium stoloniferum |
|
Phenology | Flowering Apr–Jul. | Flowering Apr–Jun. |
Habitat | Fields, roadsides, forest openings. | Grassy openings in upland woods. |
Elevation | 0–1000 m. (0–3300 ft.) | 150–900 m. (500–3000 ft.) |
Distribution |
AL; AR; CA; FL; GA; LA; MA; MO; MS; OK; OR; SC; TX; VA; WA; s Europe; e Europe; w Asia [Introduced in North America]
|
IN; KY; MO; OH; PA; WV |
Discussion | Trifolium vesiculosum was first introduced into cultivation in the United States in 1963 and is grown in southern and western states (J. D. Miller and H. D. Wells 1985). (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Trifolium stoloniferum was thought to be extinct but was rediscovered in the early 1980s (R. L. Bartgis 1985). It is now known from extant populations scattered throughout much of its original range, in five of the original eight states in which it was found historically (D. J. Crawford et al. 1998); it was discovered in Greene County, Pennsylvania, in 2017, but appears to be extirpated in Arkansas, Illinois, and Kansas. R. J. Hickey et al. (1991) examined genetic diversity of T. stoloniferum populations using allozymes and found low diversity, with some populations appearing genetically uniform. Molecular studies using RAPDs (Crawford et al.) indicated somewhat higher genetic diversity, even in relatively small populations. Trifolium stoloniferum is in the Center for Plant Conservation’s National Collection of Endangered Plants. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 11. | FNA vol. 11. |
Parent taxa | Fabaceae > subfam. Faboideae > Trifolium | Fabaceae > subfam. Faboideae > Trifolium |
Sibling taxa | ||
Name authority | Savi: Fl. Pis. 2: 165. (1798) — (as vessiculosum) | Eaton: Man. Bot. ed. 2, 468. (1818) |
Web links |
|