Trifolium vesiculosum |
Trifolium plumosum |
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arrow-leaf clover |
plumed clover |
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Habit | Herbs annual, 15–70 cm, glabrous. | Herbs perennial, 10–60 cm, villous. | ||||
Stems | erect or ascending, branched. |
erect, branched or unbranched. |
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Leaves | palmate; stipules linear-lanceolate, 1–3.5 cm, margins entire, apex subulate or setaceous; petiole 0.5–10 cm; petiolules 1 mm; leaflet 3, blades obovate to oblong, elliptic or lanceolate, 0.5–4 × 0.5–1.5 cm, base cuneate, veins prominent, thickened, margins spinulose-denticulate, apex apiculate, surfaces glabrous. |
palmate; stipules linear, oblong, or ovate, 1.5–2.5 cm, margins entire or slightly serrulate, apex acute to acuminate; petiole 1–20 cm; petiolules to 0.5 mm; leaflets 3, blades linear, elliptic, oblong, or lanceolate-elliptic, often folded, falcate, 4–11 × 0.1–1.6 cm, base cuneate, veins thickened, margins denticulate, apex acute or acuminate, surfaces villous. |
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Inflorescences | terminal or axillary, 50–100+-flowered, globose, ovoid, or oblong, 3–6 × 2–3.5 cm; involucres absent. |
terminal, 70–80-flowered, spicate, ovoid to cylindric, 3–6 × 2.5–3 cm; involucres absent. |
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Peduncles | 1–12 cm. |
2–6 cm. |
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Pedicels | absent; bracteoles lanceolate, 6–7 mm, acuminate. |
erect or absent, 0–0.5 mm; bracteoles absent. |
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Flowers | 12–16 mm; calyx urceolate, not bilabiate, inflated in fruit, 6–10 mm, glabrous, veins 20–36, connected by transverse veins in fruit, tube 3–5 mm, lobes reflexed, subequal, subulate, as long as tube, orifice constricted; corolla white becoming pink, 12–15 mm, banner ovate, broadly clawed, striate, 12–15 × 2–4 mm, apex acute-acuminate. |
17–18 mm; calyx campanulate, 5 mm, villous, veins 20, tube 2.5 mm, lobes subequal, subulate, straight, orifice open; corolla creamy white, keel petals crimson, 12–22 mm, banner oblong, 12–22 × 3–5 mm, apex acute; ovaries glabrous or pubescent distally. |
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Legumes | ellipsoid, 2.5–2.5 mm, shorter than calyx. |
obovoid, 4–5 mm. |
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Seeds | 2 or 3, brown, ovoid, 1–1.5 mm, roughened. |
1–3, reddish brown or tan, ellipsoid, 1.8–2 mm, smooth, glossy. |
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2n | = 16. |
= 32. |
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Trifolium vesiculosum |
Trifolium plumosum |
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Phenology | Flowering Apr–Jul. | |||||
Habitat | Fields, roadsides, forest openings. | |||||
Elevation | 0–1000 m. (0–3300 ft.) | |||||
Distribution |
AL; AR; CA; FL; GA; LA; MA; MO; MS; OK; OR; SC; TX; VA; WA; s Europe; e Europe; w Asia [Introduced in North America]
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nw United States
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Discussion | Trifolium vesiculosum was first introduced into cultivation in the United States in 1963 and is grown in southern and western states (J. D. Miller and H. D. Wells 1985). (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Subspecies 2 (2 in the flora). J. M. Gillett (1972) stated that the leaflet width in the basal leaves is the best distinction between the two subspecies, which are geographically isolated. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
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Key |
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Source | FNA vol. 11. | FNA vol. 11. | ||||
Parent taxa | Fabaceae > subfam. Faboideae > Trifolium | Fabaceae > subfam. Faboideae > Trifolium | ||||
Sibling taxa | ||||||
Subordinate taxa | ||||||
Name authority | Savi: Fl. Pis. 2: 165. (1798) — (as vessiculosum) | Douglas in W. J. Hooker: Fl. Bor.-Amer. 1: 130, plate 49. (1831) | ||||
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