Trifolium vesiculosum |
Trifolium medium |
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arrow-leaf clover |
trèfle flexueux, zigzag clover |
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Habit | Herbs annual, 15–70 cm, glabrous. | Herbs perennial, 20–70 cm, strigose. |
Stems | erect or ascending, branched. |
erect-ascending, flexuous, often zigzag, branched. |
Leaves | palmate; stipules linear-lanceolate, 1–3.5 cm, margins entire, apex subulate or setaceous; petiole 0.5–10 cm; petiolules 1 mm; leaflet 3, blades obovate to oblong, elliptic or lanceolate, 0.5–4 × 0.5–1.5 cm, base cuneate, veins prominent, thickened, margins spinulose-denticulate, apex apiculate, surfaces glabrous. |
palmate; stipules lanceolate-linear, 1.8–2.8 cm, margins entire, ciliate, apex subulate; petiole 1–9 cm; petiolules 1 mm; leaflets 3, blades elliptic-oblong, obovate, or ovate, 1.5–5 × 0.8–3.5 cm, base cuneate, veins arcuate, forked, margins entire, finely ciliate, apex obtuse to acute, surfaces appressed-pubescent. |
Inflorescences | terminal or axillary, 50–100+-flowered, globose, ovoid, or oblong, 3–6 × 2–3.5 cm; involucres absent. |
terminal or axillary, rarely paired, 20–50-flowered, globose or ovoid, 1.5–4 × 1.3–3.8 cm; involucres absent. |
Peduncles | 1–12 cm. |
1–3 cm. |
Pedicels | absent; bracteoles lanceolate, 6–7 mm, acuminate. |
straight, 0.5 mm; bracteoles absent. |
Flowers | 12–16 mm; calyx urceolate, not bilabiate, inflated in fruit, 6–10 mm, glabrous, veins 20–36, connected by transverse veins in fruit, tube 3–5 mm, lobes reflexed, subequal, subulate, as long as tube, orifice constricted; corolla white becoming pink, 12–15 mm, banner ovate, broadly clawed, striate, 12–15 × 2–4 mm, apex acute-acuminate. |
15–18 mm; calyx cylindric, 6–10 mm, glabrous, veins 10–15, tube 2.5–3.5 mm, lobes unequal, subulate-setaceous, orifice glabrous or hairy distally, closed; corolla usually reddish purple, rarely white, 12–20 mm, banner lanceolate-elliptic, 1.2–2 × 4–5 mm, apex acute. |
Legumes | ellipsoid, 2.5–2.5 mm, shorter than calyx. |
ovoid to globose, leathery distally, transversely dehiscent, 2–3 mm. |
Seeds | 2 or 3, brown, ovoid, 1–1.5 mm, roughened. |
1 or 2, yellow-brown, mitten-shaped, 1–1.5 mm, smooth, lustrous. |
2n | = 16. |
= 48, 64, 68, 70, 72, 80, ca. 126. |
Trifolium vesiculosum |
Trifolium medium |
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Phenology | Flowering Apr–Jul. | Flowering May–Aug. |
Habitat | Fields, roadsides, forest openings. | Fields, roadsides. |
Elevation | 0–1000 m. (0–3300 ft.) | 0–300 m. (0–1000 ft.) |
Distribution |
AL; AR; CA; FL; GA; LA; MA; MO; MS; OK; OR; SC; TX; VA; WA; s Europe; e Europe; w Asia [Introduced in North America]
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MA; MD; ME; MI; NJ; NY; RI; NB; ON; QC; Europe; w Asia [Introduced in North America; introduced also in e Asia (e China), Pacific Islands (New Zealand), Australia] |
Discussion | Trifolium vesiculosum was first introduced into cultivation in the United States in 1963 and is grown in southern and western states (J. D. Miller and H. D. Wells 1985). (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Trifolium medium was reported for Kentucky by H. Garman (1902); no non-cultivated specimens have been seen for that state (M. A. Vincent 2001). Reports of T. medium in Nova Scotia and Prince Edward Island are based on old reports and the species does not appear to be extant in those regions. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 11. | FNA vol. 11. |
Parent taxa | Fabaceae > subfam. Faboideae > Trifolium | Fabaceae > subfam. Faboideae > Trifolium |
Sibling taxa | ||
Name authority | Savi: Fl. Pis. 2: 165. (1798) — (as vessiculosum) | Linnaeus: Amoen. Acad. 4: 105. (1759) |
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