Trifolium vesiculosum |
Trifolium latifolium |
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arrow-leaf clover |
broad-leaf clover, twin clover |
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Habit | Herbs annual, 15–70 cm, glabrous. | Herbs perennial, 4–40 cm, appressed-pubescent. |
Stems | erect or ascending, branched. |
ascending, branched from slender, rhizomatous crown. |
Leaves | palmate; stipules linear-lanceolate, 1–3.5 cm, margins entire, apex subulate or setaceous; petiole 0.5–10 cm; petiolules 1 mm; leaflet 3, blades obovate to oblong, elliptic or lanceolate, 0.5–4 × 0.5–1.5 cm, base cuneate, veins prominent, thickened, margins spinulose-denticulate, apex apiculate, surfaces glabrous. |
palmate; stipules ovate or lanceolate, 0.5–2 cm, margins entire proximally, 1–3-toothed distally, apex acuminate or acute; petiole 1.5–10 cm; petiolules to 1 mm; leaflets 3, blades obovate or elliptic, 0.5–4.2 × 0.3–2.5 cm, base cuneate, veins fine or slightly thickened, margins serrulate, apex acute, rounded, or retuse, apiculate, surfaces appressed-pubescent. |
Inflorescences | terminal or axillary, 50–100+-flowered, globose, ovoid, or oblong, 3–6 × 2–3.5 cm; involucres absent. |
terminal, 6–30-flowered, globose, 2.3–3.1 × 2–3 cm, rachis prolonged beyond flowers; involucres absent. |
Peduncles | 1–12 cm. |
bent proximal to flowers, inflorescence appearing inverted, 2.5–12 cm. |
Pedicels | absent; bracteoles lanceolate, 6–7 mm, acuminate. |
reflexed in fruit, 1.5–2 mm; bracteoles minute, scalelike, membranous, to 0.3 mm. |
Flowers | 12–16 mm; calyx urceolate, not bilabiate, inflated in fruit, 6–10 mm, glabrous, veins 20–36, connected by transverse veins in fruit, tube 3–5 mm, lobes reflexed, subequal, subulate, as long as tube, orifice constricted; corolla white becoming pink, 12–15 mm, banner ovate, broadly clawed, striate, 12–15 × 2–4 mm, apex acute-acuminate. |
13–17 mm, sweetly fragrant; calyx campanulate, 4.5–5 mm, appressed-pubescent, veins 5, tube 2 mm, lobes subequal, linear, orifice open; corolla white, sometimes with purplish or buff-pink veins, 12–15 mm, banner elliptic, 12–15 × 4 mm, longer than wing and keel petals, apex tapered, sometimes retuse. |
Legumes | ellipsoid, 2.5–2.5 mm, shorter than calyx. |
oblong to subglobose, 5 mm. |
Seeds | 2 or 3, brown, ovoid, 1–1.5 mm, roughened. |
1 or 2, dark brown, ± globose, 1.2 mm, smooth. |
2n | = 16. |
= 16, 32. |
Trifolium vesiculosum |
Trifolium latifolium |
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Phenology | Flowering Apr–Jul. | Flowering May–Jul. |
Habitat | Fields, roadsides, forest openings. | Clearings in conifer forests, moist gravelly, rocky, or clay soils, grassy hillsides and gullies, prairies. |
Elevation | 0–1000 m. (0–3300 ft.) | 800–1500 m. (2600–4900 ft.) |
Distribution |
AL; AR; CA; FL; GA; LA; MA; MO; MS; OK; OR; SC; TX; VA; WA; s Europe; e Europe; w Asia [Introduced in North America]
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ID; MT; OR; WA
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Discussion | Trifolium vesiculosum was first introduced into cultivation in the United States in 1963 and is grown in southern and western states (J. D. Miller and H. D. Wells 1985). (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Trifolium latifolium, which is found in northwestern Montana, northern Idaho, northeastern Oregon, and southeastern Washington, is morphologically allied to T. longipes (J. M. Gillett 1969) and molecular phylogenetic studies place it as sister to T. longipes (N. W. Ellison et al. 2006). (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 11. | FNA vol. 11. |
Parent taxa | Fabaceae > subfam. Faboideae > Trifolium | Fabaceae > subfam. Faboideae > Trifolium |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | T. longipes var. latifolium, T. aitonii, T. orbiculatum | |
Name authority | Savi: Fl. Pis. 2: 165. (1798) — (as vessiculosum) | (Hooker) Greene: Pittonia 3: 223. (1897) |
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