Trifolium vesiculosum |
Trifolium gymnocarpon |
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arrow-leaf clover |
hollyleaf clover, Nuttall's clover |
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Habit | Herbs annual, 15–70 cm, glabrous. | Herbs perennial, 2–15 cm, pubescent. |
Stems | erect or ascending, branched. |
cespitose, numerous, short, branched from woody crown. |
Leaves | palmate; stipules linear-lanceolate, 1–3.5 cm, margins entire, apex subulate or setaceous; petiole 0.5–10 cm; petiolules 1 mm; leaflet 3, blades obovate to oblong, elliptic or lanceolate, 0.5–4 × 0.5–1.5 cm, base cuneate, veins prominent, thickened, margins spinulose-denticulate, apex apiculate, surfaces glabrous. |
palmate; stipules ovate to lanceolate, 0.5–1.5 cm, margins entire or irregularly dentate, apex acute to acuminate; petiole 1.5–10 cm; petiolules to 0.5 mm; leaflets 3–5, blades ovate, obovate, oblong, or elliptic, 0.8–3 × 0.2–1.8 cm, base cuneate, veins thickened distally, margins spinose-dentate, apex rounded or acute, surfaces usually pubescent, sometimes glabrous adaxially. |
Inflorescences | terminal or axillary, 50–100+-flowered, globose, ovoid, or oblong, 3–6 × 2–3.5 cm; involucres absent. |
terminal, 6–15-flowered, subglobose, 1–2 × 1.3–2.4 cm; involucres a narrow, membranous, dentate rim, 0.5 mm. |
Peduncles | 1–12 cm. |
1–6.5 cm, ± surpassing leaves, not bent distally. |
Pedicels | absent; bracteoles lanceolate, 6–7 mm, acuminate. |
erect, those of proximal flowers sometimes reflexed, 1–4 mm; bracteoles ovate-triangular, to 0.8 mm. |
Flowers | 12–16 mm; calyx urceolate, not bilabiate, inflated in fruit, 6–10 mm, glabrous, veins 20–36, connected by transverse veins in fruit, tube 3–5 mm, lobes reflexed, subequal, subulate, as long as tube, orifice constricted; corolla white becoming pink, 12–15 mm, banner ovate, broadly clawed, striate, 12–15 × 2–4 mm, apex acute-acuminate. |
7.5–13 mm; calyx tubular-campanulate, 4–7.5 mm, strigose, veins 10, tube 2–3 mm, lobes subequal, narrowly triangular, orifice open; corolla pink-purple, often with whitish tips, sometimes nearly wholly whitish, 7–12 mm, banner oblong, 7–14 × 5–7 mm, apex rounded, usually retuse. |
Legumes | ellipsoid, 2.5–2.5 mm, shorter than calyx. |
ovoid, 4–5 mm. |
Seeds | 2 or 3, brown, ovoid, 1–1.5 mm, roughened. |
1, tan to brown, mitten-shaped, 3–4.5 mm, roughened. |
2n | = 16. |
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Trifolium vesiculosum |
Trifolium gymnocarpon |
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Phenology | Flowering Apr–Jul. | Flowering Apr–Jun. |
Habitat | Fields, roadsides, forest openings. | Rocky slopes, clay or gumbo soils on plains. |
Elevation | 0–1000 m. (0–3300 ft.) | 1500–3500 m. (4900–11500 ft.) |
Distribution |
AL; AR; CA; FL; GA; LA; MA; MO; MS; OK; OR; SC; TX; VA; WA; s Europe; e Europe; w Asia [Introduced in North America]
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AZ; CA; CO; ID; MT; NM; NV; OR; UT; WY
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Discussion | Trifolium vesiculosum was first introduced into cultivation in the United States in 1963 and is grown in southern and western states (J. D. Miller and H. D. Wells 1985). (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Two loosely differentiated varieties or subspecies of Trifolium gymnocarpon have sometimes been recognized: var. plummerae with three to five adaxially pilose leaflets, and var. gymnocarpon with three adaxially glabrous leaflets (J. M. Gillett 1972; D. Isely 1998). There is considerable overlap among characters, and other authors have rejected the distinction (M. Zohary and D. Heller 1984; R. C. Barneby 1989). (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 11. | FNA vol. 11. |
Parent taxa | Fabaceae > subfam. Faboideae > Trifolium | Fabaceae > subfam. Faboideae > Trifolium |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | T. gymnocarpon var. plummerae, T. gymnocarpon var. subcaulescens, T. nemorale, T. plummerae, T. subcaulescens | |
Name authority | Savi: Fl. Pis. 2: 165. (1798) — (as vessiculosum) | Nuttall in J. Torrey and A. Gray: Fl. N. Amer. 1: 320. (1838) |
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