Trifolium variegatum |
Trifolium retusum |
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variegated clover, white-tip clover |
teasel clover |
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Habit | Herbs annual, 1.5–48+ cm, glabrous. | Herbs annual, 15–40 cm, glabrous. |
Stems | usually erect, ascending, or prostrate, branched. |
erect or ascending, branched. |
Leaves | palmate; stipules lanceolate or ovate, 0.3–1 cm, margins lacerate, apex acute to acuminate; petiole 1–9 cm; petiolules to 0.8 mm; leaflets 3, blades elliptic, obovate, oblanceolate, or obcordate, 0.2–5 × 0.1–1.2 cm, base cuneate, veins thickened, margins denticulate, apex acute or retuse, surfaces glabrous. |
palmate; stipules triangular-lanceolate, 0.7–1.5 cm, margins entire, apex stramineous, subulate; petiole 1.5–5 cm; petiolules 1 mm; leaflets 3, blades obovate, oblong, or elliptic, 0.8–1.8 × 0.4–0.9 cm, base cuneate, veins prominent, margins dentate-spinulose, apex rounded to emarginate, surfaces glabrous. |
Inflorescences | terminal or axillary, 1–20+-flowered, subglobose or globose, 0.5–1.3 × 0.1–1 cm; involucres flat, 2–6 mm, incised 1/2 their length, lobes 2–7, lacerate. |
axillary, 15–30-flowered, globose, 0.8–1 × 0.8–1 cm; involucres absent. |
Peduncles | 0.5–5 cm. |
0.5–2 cm. |
Pedicels | straight, to 0.5 mm; bracteoles absent. |
recurved in fruit, 1 mm; bracteoles folded, linear-subulate, 4–5 mm. |
Flowers | 5–11 mm; calyx campanulate, not slit between adaxial lobes, 1.9–2.4 mm, glabrous, veins 10–20, tube 1.5–4 mm, lobes subequal, narrowly triangular, margins usually entire, rarely with a small lateral tooth, orifice open; corolla purple, usually white-tipped, 3–10 mm, banner obovate, 3–10 × 0.6–2.6 mm, apex emarginate. |
4–5 mm; calyx obconic, 4–5 mm, glabrous, veins 10, tube 1.3–2.1 mm, lobes unequal, longer than tube, subulate, recurved in fruit, orifice open; corolla white or pink, 3.2–4.5 mm, banner ovate, 3–4 × 1–2 mm, apex acute to rounded, entire to slightly erose distally. |
Legumes | oblong or ellipsoid, 2–4 mm. |
ovoid-oblong, 4.2–5.5 mm. |
Seeds | 2, blackish brown, sometimes mottled, ovoid or ellipsoid, 1–1.6 mm, smooth. |
2, brown, ovoid-reniform, 1 mm, minutely granulose. |
2n | = 16. |
= 16. |
Trifolium variegatum |
Trifolium retusum |
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Phenology | Flowering Mar–Sep. | Flowering Apr–Jun. |
Habitat | Wet places, coastal hills, meadows. | Roadsides, lawns. |
Elevation | 0–2500 m. (0–8200 ft.) | 100–800 m. (300–2600 ft.) |
Distribution |
AK; AZ; CA; ID; MT; NV; OR; UT; WA; WY; BC; Mexico (Baja California)
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CA; OR; WA; s Europe; w Asia; introduced also in s Africa; Pacific Islands (New Zealand); Australia [Introduced in North America] |
Discussion | Trifolium variegatum is widespread and morphologically variable (B. G. Foster and M. A. Vincent 2018). Because of this variability, T. variegatum and related species were treated as seven so-called phases by D. Isely (1998), who described these as ecotypic groups, some of which might deserve varietal or specific rank. C. S. Cooper (1957) considered T. variegatum a good choice for cultivation in wet areas for grazing and hay production. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Trifolium retusum is a very recent introduction in the flora area; it is known from relatively few counties in the Pacific Coast states. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 11. | FNA vol. 11. |
Parent taxa | ||
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | T. dianthum, T. geminiflorum, T. melananthum, T. pusillum, T. spinulosum var. triste, T. subsalinum, T. tridentatum var. melananthum, T. ultramontanum, T. variegatum var. geminiflorum, T. variegatum var. melananthum | |
Name authority | Nuttall in J. Torrey and A. Gray: Fl. N. Amer. 1: 317. (1838) | Linnaeus: Demonstr. Pl., 21. (1753) |
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