Trifolium subterraneum |
Trifolium calcaricum |
|
---|---|---|
burrowing clover, subclover, subterranean clover, subterranean trefoil |
running glade clover |
|
Habit | Herbs annual, 10–80 cm, glabrous or appressed-pubescent. | Herbs perennial, 10–15 cm, glabrous or glabrate. |
Stems | prostrate to ascending, branched. |
creeping, branched, rooting at nodes. |
Leaves | palmate; stipules ovate, 0.5–3 cm, margins entire or slightly toothed, ciliate, apex acute to acuminate; petiole 1–20 cm; petiolules 1 mm; leaflets 3, blades broadly obcordate, 0.8–2.8 × 1–3 cm, base cuneate, veins delicate, widely spaced, margins mostly entire, slightly dentate distally, apex emarginate, surfaces appressed-sericeous. |
palmate; stipules lanceolate or ovate, 0.5–1 cm, margins entire or shallowly lobed, apex acute to cuspidate; petiole 3–13(–25) cm; petiolules 1 mm; leaflets 3, blades obovate, rhombic, or elliptic, 1–1.9 × 0.8–1.2 cm, base cuneate, veins prominent, margins minutely denticulate or entire, apex rounded, emarginate, surfaces glabrous or sparsely hairy. |
Inflorescences | axillary, elongate and reflexed, pushing into substrate after anthesis, fertile flowers 2–7, sterile flowers 0–80, globose or cylindric, 0.5–1.5 × 0.8–1.5 cm; involucres absent. |
terminal, 25–50-flowered, globose, 1.8–2.2 × 1.8–2.2 cm; involucres absent. |
Peduncles | 2–6.5 cm. |
1 or 2 from end of stolon at ground-level, 10–12 cm. |
Pedicels | reflexed after anthesis, 0.2–0.4 mm; bracteoles absent. |
reflexed in fruit, 2–3 mm; bracteoles triangular-acuminate, 0.5–1.5 mm. |
Flowers | fertile ones 7–15 mm; calyx tubular, 5–6 mm, glabrous or hairy, veins indistinct, tube 3–4 mm, lobes subequal, pubescent or glabrous, spreading, orifice open; corolla white, pink, or pink-striped, 7–10 mm, banner ovate-elliptic, 7–10 × 1.5–2 mm, apex rounded; sterile flowers 4–7 mm; calyx teeth linear; corolla absent. |
9–11 mm; calyx campanulate, 4.5–5.5 mm, sparsely puberulent, veins 10, tube 2 mm, lobes equal, narrowly triangular to subulate, orifice open; corolla white, veins often reddish, 8–9 mm, banner obovate-oblong, 9–11 × 5–6 mm, apex rounded, retuse. |
Legumes | subterranean, obovoid, 3–4 mm. |
stipitate, ellipsoid, 2–3.5 mm. |
Seeds | 1, purplish black, ellipsoid, 2.6–3 mm, smooth, dull. |
1 or 2, light brown, mitten-shaped, 1.1–1.5 mm, smooth. |
2n | = 16. |
= 16. |
Trifolium subterraneum |
Trifolium calcaricum |
|
Phenology | Flowering Mar–May. | Flowering May–Jun. |
Habitat | Open, disturbed sandy soils. | Shallow soils on limestone glades. |
Elevation | 0–1000 m. (0–3300 ft.) | 100–500 m. (300–1600 ft.) |
Distribution |
CA; GA; LA; MA; MS; NC; NJ; OR; SC; WA; BC; w Europe; w Asia; n Africa [Introduced in North America; introduced also in s South America, s Africa, Pacific Islands (Hawaii, New Zealand), Australia]
|
TN; VA |
Discussion | Trifolium subterraneum was first introduced by the USDA about 1921 as a pasture crop; it is utilized as such in the western and southern United States (W. S. McGuire 1985). Inflorescences of T. subterraneum consist of intermixed sterile and fertile flowers; after fetilization, the inflorescence is pushed underground, where the fruits develop. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Trifolium calcaricum is endemic to xeric limestone prairies and in limestone cedar glades in western Virginia and eastern and central Tennessee (J. L. Collins and T. F. Wieboldt 1992; P. J. Lawless et al. 2006). (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 11. | FNA vol. 11. |
Parent taxa | ||
Sibling taxa | ||
Name authority | Linnaeus: Sp. Pl. 2: 767. (1753) | J. L. Collins & Wieboldt: Castanea 57: 282, figs. 1, 2. (1992) |
Web links |
|