The green links below add additional plants to the comparison table. Blue links lead to other Web sites.
enable glossary links

burrowing clover, subclover, subterranean clover, subterranean trefoil

running glade clover

Habit Herbs annual, 10–80 cm, glabrous or appressed-pubescent. Herbs perennial, 10–15 cm, glabrous or glabrate.
Stems

prostrate to ascending, branched.

creeping, branched, rooting at nodes.

Leaves

palmate;

stipules ovate, 0.5–3 cm, margins entire or slightly toothed, ciliate, apex acute to acuminate;

petiole 1–20 cm;

petiolules 1 mm;

leaflets 3, blades broadly obcordate, 0.8–2.8 × 1–3 cm, base cuneate, veins delicate, widely spaced, margins mostly entire, slightly dentate distally, apex emarginate, surfaces appressed-sericeous.

palmate;

stipules lanceolate or ovate, 0.5–1 cm, margins entire or shallowly lobed, apex acute to cuspidate;

petiole 3–13(–25) cm;

petiolules 1 mm;

leaflets 3, blades obovate, rhombic, or elliptic, 1–1.9 × 0.8–1.2 cm, base cuneate, veins prominent, margins minutely denticulate or entire, apex rounded, emarginate, surfaces glabrous or sparsely hairy.

Inflorescences

axillary, elongate and reflexed, pushing into substrate after anthesis, fertile flowers 2–7, sterile flowers 0–80, globose or cylindric, 0.5–1.5 × 0.8–1.5 cm;

involucres absent.

terminal, 25–50-flowered, globose, 1.8–2.2 × 1.8–2.2 cm;

involucres absent.

Peduncles

2–6.5 cm.

1 or 2 from end of stolon at ground-level, 10–12 cm.

Pedicels

reflexed after anthesis, 0.2–0.4 mm;

bracteoles absent.

reflexed in fruit, 2–3 mm;

bracteoles triangular-acuminate, 0.5–1.5 mm.

Flowers

fertile ones 7–15 mm;

calyx tubular, 5–6 mm, glabrous or hairy, veins indistinct, tube 3–4 mm, lobes subequal, pubescent or glabrous, spreading, orifice open;

corolla white, pink, or pink-striped, 7–10 mm, banner ovate-elliptic, 7–10 × 1.5–2 mm, apex rounded;

sterile flowers 4–7 mm;

calyx teeth linear;

corolla absent.

9–11 mm;

calyx campanulate, 4.5–5.5 mm, sparsely puberulent, veins 10, tube 2 mm, lobes equal, narrowly triangular to subulate, orifice open;

corolla white, veins often reddish, 8–9 mm, banner obovate-oblong, 9–11 × 5–6 mm, apex rounded, retuse.

Legumes

subterranean, obovoid, 3–4 mm.

stipitate, ellipsoid, 2–3.5 mm.

Seeds

1, purplish black, ellipsoid, 2.6–3 mm, smooth, dull.

1 or 2, light brown, mitten-shaped, 1.1–1.5 mm, smooth.

2n

= 16.

= 16.

Trifolium subterraneum

Trifolium calcaricum

Phenology Flowering Mar–May. Flowering May–Jun.
Habitat Open, disturbed sandy soils. Shallow soils on limestone glades.
Elevation 0–1000 m. (0–3300 ft.) 100–500 m. (300–1600 ft.)
Distribution
from FNA
CA; GA; LA; MA; MS; NC; NJ; OR; SC; WA; BC; w Europe; w Asia; n Africa [Introduced in North America; introduced also in s South America, s Africa, Pacific Islands (Hawaii, New Zealand), Australia]
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
from FNA
TN; VA
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

Trifolium subterraneum was first introduced by the USDA about 1921 as a pasture crop; it is utilized as such in the western and southern United States (W. S. McGuire 1985). Inflorescences of T. subterraneum consist of intermixed sterile and fertile flowers; after fetilization, the inflorescence is pushed underground, where the fruits develop.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Trifolium calcaricum is endemic to xeric limestone prairies and in limestone cedar glades in western Virginia and eastern and central Tennessee (J. L. Collins and T. F. Wieboldt 1992; P. J. Lawless et al. 2006).

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Source FNA vol. 11. FNA vol. 11.
Parent taxa Fabaceae > subfam. Faboideae > Trifolium Fabaceae > subfam. Faboideae > Trifolium
Sibling taxa
T. albopurpureum, T. alexandrinum, T. amoenum, T. amphianthum, T. andersonii, T. andinum, T. angustifolium, T. appendiculatum, T. arvense, T. attenuatum, T. aureum, T. barbigerum, T. barnebyi, T. beckwithii, T. bejariense, T. bifidum, T. bolanderi, T. brandegeei, T. breweri, T. buckwestiorum, T. calcaricum, T. campestre, T. carolinianum, T. cernuum, T. ciliolatum, T. columbinum, T. cyathiferum, T. dasyphyllum, T. dedeckerae, T. depauperatum, T. dichotomum, T. douglasii, T. dubium, T. echinatum, T. eriocephalum, T. fragiferum, T. friscanum, T. fucatum, T. glomeratum, T. gracilentum, T. grayi, T. gymnocarpon, T. haydenii, T. hirtum, T. howellii, T. hybridum, T. hydrophilum, T. incarnatum, T. jokerstii, T. kentuckiense, T. kingii, T. lappaceum, T. latifolium, T. leibergii, T. lemmonii, T. longipes, T. lupinaster, T. macilentum, T. macraei, T. macrocephalum, T. medium, T. microcephalum, T. microdon, T. monanthum, T. mucronatum, T. nanum, T. nigrescens, T. obtusiflorum, T. oliganthum, T. ornithopodioides, T. owyheense, T. palmeri, T. parryi, T. pinetorum, T. piorkowskii, T. plumosum, T. polyodon, T. pratense, T. productum, T. reflexum, T. repens, T. resupinatum, T. retusum, T. rollinsii, T. siskiyouense, T. sonorense, T. stoloniferum, T. striatum, T. suffocatum, T. thompsonii, T. tomentosum, T. trichocalyx, T. variegatum, T. vesiculosum, T. virginicum, T. willdenovii, T. wormskioldii
T. albopurpureum, T. alexandrinum, T. amoenum, T. amphianthum, T. andersonii, T. andinum, T. angustifolium, T. appendiculatum, T. arvense, T. attenuatum, T. aureum, T. barbigerum, T. barnebyi, T. beckwithii, T. bejariense, T. bifidum, T. bolanderi, T. brandegeei, T. breweri, T. buckwestiorum, T. campestre, T. carolinianum, T. cernuum, T. ciliolatum, T. columbinum, T. cyathiferum, T. dasyphyllum, T. dedeckerae, T. depauperatum, T. dichotomum, T. douglasii, T. dubium, T. echinatum, T. eriocephalum, T. fragiferum, T. friscanum, T. fucatum, T. glomeratum, T. gracilentum, T. grayi, T. gymnocarpon, T. haydenii, T. hirtum, T. howellii, T. hybridum, T. hydrophilum, T. incarnatum, T. jokerstii, T. kentuckiense, T. kingii, T. lappaceum, T. latifolium, T. leibergii, T. lemmonii, T. longipes, T. lupinaster, T. macilentum, T. macraei, T. macrocephalum, T. medium, T. microcephalum, T. microdon, T. monanthum, T. mucronatum, T. nanum, T. nigrescens, T. obtusiflorum, T. oliganthum, T. ornithopodioides, T. owyheense, T. palmeri, T. parryi, T. pinetorum, T. piorkowskii, T. plumosum, T. polyodon, T. pratense, T. productum, T. reflexum, T. repens, T. resupinatum, T. retusum, T. rollinsii, T. siskiyouense, T. sonorense, T. stoloniferum, T. striatum, T. subterraneum, T. suffocatum, T. thompsonii, T. tomentosum, T. trichocalyx, T. variegatum, T. vesiculosum, T. virginicum, T. willdenovii, T. wormskioldii
Name authority Linnaeus: Sp. Pl. 2: 767. (1753) J. L. Collins & Wieboldt: Castanea 57: 282, figs. 1, 2. (1992)
Web links