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knotted clover

drooping clover, nodding clover

Habit Herbs usually annual, rarely biennial, 10–50 cm, villous. Herbs annual, 5–40 cm, glabrous.
Stems

erect, ascending, or decumbent, branched from base.

prostrate, ascending, or erect, branched.

Leaves

palmate;

stipules lanceolate-ovate, 0.9–1.1 cm, margins entire, apex acute-acuminate, setaceous, ciliate;

petiole 0.5–5 cm;

petiolules 0.5 mm;

leaflets 3, blades obovate to oblong, 0.9–1.6 × 0.4–1 cm, base cuneate, veins fine, margins denticulate, apex obtuse, obcordate, or emarginate, surfaces hairy.

palmate;

stipules triangular-lanceolate, 0.9–1 cm, margins entire, apex long-acuminate, reflexing;

petiole 1–10 cm;

petiolules to 1 mm;

leaflets 3, blades obovate or obcordate, 0.4–1.5 × 0.4–1 cm, base cuneate, veins prominent, recurved, margins coarsely dentate, apex rounded, truncate, or emarginate, surfaces glabrous.

Inflorescences

axillary or terminal, solitary or paired, 20–60-flowered, ovoid or oblong, 0.8–1.6 × 0.6–1 cm;

involucres absent.

axillary or terminal, 8–20-flowered, depressed-globose, 0.9–1.1 × 0.8–1 cm;

involucres absent.

Peduncles

0–1 cm.

0.6–1.5 cm, becoming shorter distally.

Pedicels

absent;

bracteoles absent.

reflexed in fruit, 0.5–2 mm;

bracteoles lanceolate, 1 mm.

Flowers

5–7 mm;

calyx ellipsoid to urceolate, 3–4 mm, hairy, veins 10, tube 2–3 mm, lobes erect or spreading, unequal, abaxial longest and equal to tube, subulate, orifice open;

corolla pink, 25–35 mm, banner oblong, 2.5–3.5 × 1.5–2 mm, apex retuse.

4–5.5 mm;

calyx tubular-campanulate, 4 mm, glabrous, veins 10, tube 2–2.2 mm, lobes subequal, triangular-subulate, margins green, pink, or purple, orifice open;

corolla pink, 4–5 mm, banner obovate, 4–5 × 1–2 mm, apex deeply emarginate.

Legumes

ovoid, leathery distally, transversely dehiscent, 2–2.5 mm.

ovoid-ellipsoid, 4 mm.

Seeds

1, tan or reddish brown, globose to ovoid, 1–1.5 mm, smooth, glossy.

1–4, yellow, ovoid, 0.8–1 mm, minutely papillate.

2n

= 14.

= 16.

Trifolium striatum

Trifolium cernuum

Phenology Flowering May–Aug. Flowering May–Jul.
Habitat Waste places Roadsides, lawns.
Elevation 0–500 m. (0–1600 ft.) 0–150 m. (0–500 ft.)
Distribution
from FNA
AL; AR; CA; GA; MA; MO; NC; NJ; NY; OK; OR; PA; SC; VA; VT; WA; BC; Europe; w Asia; nw Africa [Introduced also in s South America (Chile), Pacific Islands (New Zealand), Australia]
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
from FNA
CA; OR; SC; Asia; n Africa [Introduced in North America; introduced also in s Africa, Pacific Islands (New Zealand), Australia]
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

Trifolium striatum has been recorded as an occasional weed in the flora area, having been first collected on ballast in New Jersey in 1880. It is found sporadically as a weed of disturbed habitats and appears to be spreading rapidly. It has been called Pitts’s clover in the southern United States because it was discovered by J. D. Pitts in a field of crimson clover as a weed and he experimented with it as a forage plant (G. L. Fuller and B. H. Hendrickson 1928).

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Trifolium cernuum is a relatively recent introduction in the flora area. Other than a record from wool mill waste in North Carolina in 1932, the earliest records are from the 1990s in California.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Source FNA vol. 11. FNA vol. 11.
Parent taxa Fabaceae > subfam. Faboideae > Trifolium Fabaceae > subfam. Faboideae > Trifolium
Sibling taxa
T. albopurpureum, T. alexandrinum, T. amoenum, T. amphianthum, T. andersonii, T. andinum, T. angustifolium, T. appendiculatum, T. arvense, T. attenuatum, T. aureum, T. barbigerum, T. barnebyi, T. beckwithii, T. bejariense, T. bifidum, T. bolanderi, T. brandegeei, T. breweri, T. buckwestiorum, T. calcaricum, T. campestre, T. carolinianum, T. cernuum, T. ciliolatum, T. columbinum, T. cyathiferum, T. dasyphyllum, T. dedeckerae, T. depauperatum, T. dichotomum, T. douglasii, T. dubium, T. echinatum, T. eriocephalum, T. fragiferum, T. friscanum, T. fucatum, T. glomeratum, T. gracilentum, T. grayi, T. gymnocarpon, T. haydenii, T. hirtum, T. howellii, T. hybridum, T. hydrophilum, T. incarnatum, T. jokerstii, T. kentuckiense, T. kingii, T. lappaceum, T. latifolium, T. leibergii, T. lemmonii, T. longipes, T. lupinaster, T. macilentum, T. macraei, T. macrocephalum, T. medium, T. microcephalum, T. microdon, T. monanthum, T. mucronatum, T. nanum, T. nigrescens, T. obtusiflorum, T. oliganthum, T. ornithopodioides, T. owyheense, T. palmeri, T. parryi, T. pinetorum, T. piorkowskii, T. plumosum, T. polyodon, T. pratense, T. productum, T. reflexum, T. repens, T. resupinatum, T. retusum, T. rollinsii, T. siskiyouense, T. sonorense, T. stoloniferum, T. subterraneum, T. suffocatum, T. thompsonii, T. tomentosum, T. trichocalyx, T. variegatum, T. vesiculosum, T. virginicum, T. willdenovii, T. wormskioldii
T. albopurpureum, T. alexandrinum, T. amoenum, T. amphianthum, T. andersonii, T. andinum, T. angustifolium, T. appendiculatum, T. arvense, T. attenuatum, T. aureum, T. barbigerum, T. barnebyi, T. beckwithii, T. bejariense, T. bifidum, T. bolanderi, T. brandegeei, T. breweri, T. buckwestiorum, T. calcaricum, T. campestre, T. carolinianum, T. ciliolatum, T. columbinum, T. cyathiferum, T. dasyphyllum, T. dedeckerae, T. depauperatum, T. dichotomum, T. douglasii, T. dubium, T. echinatum, T. eriocephalum, T. fragiferum, T. friscanum, T. fucatum, T. glomeratum, T. gracilentum, T. grayi, T. gymnocarpon, T. haydenii, T. hirtum, T. howellii, T. hybridum, T. hydrophilum, T. incarnatum, T. jokerstii, T. kentuckiense, T. kingii, T. lappaceum, T. latifolium, T. leibergii, T. lemmonii, T. longipes, T. lupinaster, T. macilentum, T. macraei, T. macrocephalum, T. medium, T. microcephalum, T. microdon, T. monanthum, T. mucronatum, T. nanum, T. nigrescens, T. obtusiflorum, T. oliganthum, T. ornithopodioides, T. owyheense, T. palmeri, T. parryi, T. pinetorum, T. piorkowskii, T. plumosum, T. polyodon, T. pratense, T. productum, T. reflexum, T. repens, T. resupinatum, T. retusum, T. rollinsii, T. siskiyouense, T. sonorense, T. stoloniferum, T. striatum, T. subterraneum, T. suffocatum, T. thompsonii, T. tomentosum, T. trichocalyx, T. variegatum, T. vesiculosum, T. virginicum, T. willdenovii, T. wormskioldii
Name authority Linnaeus: Sp. Pl. 2: 770. (1753) Brotero: Phytogr. Lusit. Select. 1: 150, plate 62. (1816)
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