Trifolium repens |
Trifolium bejariense |
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Dutch clover, trèfle blanc, white clover |
bejar clover |
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Habit | Herbs perennial, 10–40 cm, glabrous or glabrescent. | Herbs annual, 5–25 cm, pilose. |
Stems | creeping, branched, rooting at nodes. |
erect or ascending, branched. |
Leaves | palmate; stipules lanceolate, 0.9–1.3 cm, margins entire, apex short-subulate; petiole 5–20 cm; petiolules to 1 mm; leaflets 3, blades obovate, obcordate, or orbiculate, 0.6–4 × 0.4–2.5 cm, base cuneate, veins moderately prominent, margins serrulate distally, apex rounded, emarginate, or retuse, surfaces glabrous. |
palmate; stipules oblong to ovate, 0.8–1 cm, margins slightly denticulate or entire, apex acute to acuminate; petiole 1–5 cm; petiolules to 1 mm; leaflets 3, blades obovate, 0.7–1.4 × 0.3–0.8 cm, base broadly cuneate, veins thickened, recurved, margins slightly denticulate, apex rounded or retuse, surfaces pubescent abaxially, glabrous adaxially. |
Inflorescences | axillary, 20–40+-flowered, globose, 1.5–3.5 × 1.5–3.5 cm; involucres absent. |
axillary or terminal, 5–15-flowered, globose or subglobose, 1–2 × 1.5–2 cm; involucres floral bracts forming a small, scarious involucre. |
Peduncles | erect, from prostrate stems, 1.5–30 cm. |
geniculate proximal to flowers, inflorescence appearing inverted, 2.5–11 cm. |
Pedicels | strongly reflexed in fruit, elongate, 3–5 mm; bracteoles white, lanceolate, 1–2 mm. |
curved, 3–4 mm; bracteoles broadly rhombic, membranous, to 0.5 mm, margins dentate. |
Flowers | 8–13 mm; calyx campanulate, 3–5 mm, glabrous, veins 6–10, tube 1.5–2.5 mm, lobes unequal to subequal, adaxial shorter than tube, triangular-lanceolate, orifice open; corolla white, often pinkish in age, 4–12 mm, banner ovate-lanceolate or oblong, 4–12 × 1–4 mm, apex rounded. |
7–9 mm; calyx campanulate, markedly bilabiate, venation strongly reticulate, 5–6 mm, sparsely pilose marginally, veins 5, reticulate in lobes, tube 0.7–1 mm, lobes unequal, abaxial 3 triangular-ovate, 2–3 mm, central abaxial lobe nearly linear, pubescent only along margins, adaxial 2 obovate, 5 mm, orifice open; corolla white, tinged with pink or lavender, darkening in age, 6–8 mm, banner broadly ovate, 6–8 × 5–6 mm, apex rounded, denticulate. |
Legumes | linear-oblong, 4–5 mm. |
oblong-ovoid, 3–4 mm. |
Seeds | 3 or 4, yellow, reddish brown, or light brown, ovoid-reniform, 1 mm, smooth, glossy. |
2–6, yellow, globose to mitten-shaped, 1.1–1.6 mm, rugose. |
2n | = 16, 28, 32, 48, 64. |
= 16. |
Trifolium repens |
Trifolium bejariense |
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Phenology | Flowering Feb–Oct. | Flowering Mar–May. |
Habitat | Fields, lawns, roadsides, forest edges, waste places. | Sandy prairies, open woods. |
Elevation | 0–4000 m. (0–13100 ft.) | 0–100 m. (0–300 ft.) |
Distribution |
AK; AL; AR; AZ; CA; CO; CT; DC; DE; FL; GA; IA; ID; IL; IN; KS; KY; LA; MA; MD; ME; MI; MN; MO; MS; MT; NC; ND; NE; NH; NJ; NM; NV; NY; OH; OK; OR; PA; RI; SC; SD; TN; TX; UT; VA; VT; WA; WI; WV; WY; AB; BC; MB; NB; NL; NS; NT; ON; PE; QC; SK; YT; SPM; Greenland; Eurasia [Introduced in North America; introduced also in South America, Africa, Pacific Islands]
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AR; LA; TX |
Discussion | Trifolium repens may very well be the most important temperate pasture plant (M. J. Baker and W. M. Williams 1987) and has been considered the most important perennial pasture plant in North America (C. V. Piper 1924). It was introduced at least as early as the mid 1800s (R. N. Mack 2003) and spread so rapidly that it became known to Native Americans as White Man’s Foot Grass (W. Strickland 1801). It is morphologically diverse; most material from the flora area represents var. repens, but some specimens fit within the circumscriptions given by M. Zohary and D. Heller (1984) of var. giganteum Lagrèze-Fossat, with inflorescences to 3.5 cm diameter and leaflets nearly 4 cm; others have smaller, pale-pink petals with hairy petioles and pedicels, and approach var. biasolettii (Steudel & Hochstetter) Ascherson & Graebner (T. occidentale Coombe). (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Trifolium bejariense ranges in east-central Texas from Hunt and Lamar counties in the north, southward to Fort Bend and Harris counties, and westward to Travis and Wilson counties; the species is also known from Acadia and Rapides parishes in Louisiana, and Nevada County in Arkansas. L. F. McDermott reduced Trifolium bejariense to T. carolinianum forma bejariense (Moricand) McDermott. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 11. | FNA vol. 11. |
Parent taxa | Fabaceae > subfam. Faboideae > Trifolium | Fabaceae > subfam. Faboideae > Trifolium |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | T. saxicola | T. macrocalyx |
Name authority | Linnaeus: Sp. Pl. 2: 767. (1753) | Moricand: Pl. Nouv. Amér., 2, plate 2. (1834) |
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