Trifolium repens |
Trifolium appendiculatum |
|
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Dutch clover, trèfle blanc, white clover |
large white-tip clover |
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Habit | Herbs perennial, 10–40 cm, glabrous or glabrescent. | Herbs annual, 7–80+ cm, glabrous. |
Stems | creeping, branched, rooting at nodes. |
ascending or erect, branched. |
Leaves | palmate; stipules lanceolate, 0.9–1.3 cm, margins entire, apex short-subulate; petiole 5–20 cm; petiolules to 1 mm; leaflets 3, blades obovate, obcordate, or orbiculate, 0.6–4 × 0.4–2.5 cm, base cuneate, veins moderately prominent, margins serrulate distally, apex rounded, emarginate, or retuse, surfaces glabrous. |
palmate; stipules lanceolate or ovate, 0.3–1.3 cm, margins lacerate, apex acute to acuminate; petiole 2–7.3 cm; petiolules to 0.9 mm; leaflets 3, blades obovate-obcordate, elliptic, or obovate, 0.3–2.6 × 0.2–1.1 cm, base cuneate, veins thickened, margins denticulate, apex acute or retuse, surfaces glabrous. |
Inflorescences | axillary, 20–40+-flowered, globose, 1.5–3.5 × 1.5–3.5 cm; involucres absent. |
axillary, 4–25-flowered, subglobose or globose, 0.7–2 × 0.8–3 cm; involucres flat, 3.2–6.5 mm, incised 1/2 their length, lobes 4–7, lacerate. |
Peduncles | erect, from prostrate stems, 1.5–30 cm. |
1.7–7.5 cm. |
Pedicels | strongly reflexed in fruit, elongate, 3–5 mm; bracteoles white, lanceolate, 1–2 mm. |
straight, to 0.5 mm; bracteoles absent. |
Flowers | 8–13 mm; calyx campanulate, 3–5 mm, glabrous, veins 6–10, tube 1.5–2.5 mm, lobes unequal to subequal, adaxial shorter than tube, triangular-lanceolate, orifice open; corolla white, often pinkish in age, 4–12 mm, banner ovate-lanceolate or oblong, 4–12 × 1–4 mm, apex rounded. |
7–25 mm; calyx campanulate, not slit between adaxial lobes, 3.5–7.4 mm, glabrous, veins 10–20, tube 1.5–3.3 mm, lobes subequal, narrowly triangular, margins usually entire, orifice open; corolla deep purple, usually white-tipped, 6.5–17 mm, banner obovate, 6.3–16 × 1.5–4 mm, apex emarginate. |
Legumes | linear-oblong, 4–5 mm. |
oblong or ellipsoid, 3.6–3.8 mm. |
Seeds | 3 or 4, yellow, reddish brown, or light brown, ovoid-reniform, 1 mm, smooth, glossy. |
2, blackish brown, mottled, ovoid or ellipsoid, 1.9–2.8 mm, smooth. |
2n | = 16, 28, 32, 48, 64. |
= 16. |
Trifolium repens |
Trifolium appendiculatum |
|
Phenology | Flowering Feb–Oct. | Flowering Mar–Jun. |
Habitat | Fields, lawns, roadsides, forest edges, waste places. | Coastal areas, foothills, mountain meadows, ditches, wet areas. |
Elevation | 0–4000 m. (0–13100 ft.) | 0–1400 m. (0–4600 ft.) |
Distribution |
AK; AL; AR; AZ; CA; CO; CT; DC; DE; FL; GA; IA; ID; IL; IN; KS; KY; LA; MA; MD; ME; MI; MN; MO; MS; MT; NC; ND; NE; NH; NJ; NM; NV; NY; OH; OK; OR; PA; RI; SC; SD; TN; TX; UT; VA; VT; WA; WI; WV; WY; AB; BC; MB; NB; NL; NS; NT; ON; PE; QC; SK; YT; SPM; Greenland; Eurasia [Introduced in North America; introduced also in South America, Africa, Pacific Islands]
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CA; OR |
Discussion | Trifolium repens may very well be the most important temperate pasture plant (M. J. Baker and W. M. Williams 1987) and has been considered the most important perennial pasture plant in North America (C. V. Piper 1924). It was introduced at least as early as the mid 1800s (R. N. Mack 2003) and spread so rapidly that it became known to Native Americans as White Man’s Foot Grass (W. Strickland 1801). It is morphologically diverse; most material from the flora area represents var. repens, but some specimens fit within the circumscriptions given by M. Zohary and D. Heller (1984) of var. giganteum Lagrèze-Fossat, with inflorescences to 3.5 cm diameter and leaflets nearly 4 cm; others have smaller, pale-pink petals with hairy petioles and pedicels, and approach var. biasolettii (Steudel & Hochstetter) Ascherson & Graebner (T. occidentale Coombe). (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Trifolium appendiculatum is found throughout California, although never east of the Sierra Nevada, and into southern Oregon. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 11. | FNA vol. 11. |
Parent taxa | Fabaceae > subfam. Faboideae > Trifolium | Fabaceae > subfam. Faboideae > Trifolium |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | T. saxicola | T. appendiculatum var. rostratum, T. calophyllum, T. morleyanum, T. phaeocephalum, T. rostratum, T. splendens, T. trilobatum, T. variegatum var. major, T. variegatum var. rostratum, T. variegatum var. trilobatum |
Name authority | Linnaeus: Sp. Pl. 2: 767. (1753) | Lojacono: Nuovo Giorn. Bot. Ital. 15: 181. (1883) |
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