Trifolium reflexum |
Trifolium fucatum |
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buffalo clover |
bull clover, sour clover |
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Habit | Herbs annual or biennial, 10–60 cm, villous or glabrate. | Herbs annual, 10–80 cm, glabrous or glabrescent. |
Stems | erect or ascending, unbranched or branched. |
erect or ascending, unbranched or densely dichotomously branched. |
Leaves | palmate; stipules broadly ovate, 1–2.5 cm, margins entire or denticulate, apex acute or acuminate; petiole 1–10 cm (distalmost 0.3–3.5 cm); petiolules 0.5–1.5 mm; leaflets 3, blades ovate, obovate, oblong, or rhombic, 1–4.5 × 0.7–2 cm, base cuneate, veins fine, margins dentate to denticulate, apex broadly acute, rounded, or emarginate, surfaces pubescent or glabrous. |
palmate; stipules ovate or lanceolate, 1–3 cm, margins entire or toothed, apex usually acuminate, sometimes 2-fid; petiole 3–15 cm; petiolules 1–1.5 mm; leaflets 3, blades broadly obovate, orbiculate, or rhombic-obovate, 0.8–4 × 0.7–3 cm, base broadly cuneate, veins obscure, thickened near leaflet margin, margins remotely dentate to densely serrulate-dentate, apex rounded or slightly retuse, surfaces glabrous or glabrate. |
Inflorescences | terminal or axillary, 10–50-flowered, globose to subglobose, 1.5–4 × 2–4 cm; bracteoles forming shallow, membranous cups, to 0.5 mm. |
terminal or axillary, 10–30-flowered, subglobose or globose, 1–4 × 1–4 cm; involucres broadly bowl-shaped, 4–15 mm, lobes 3–8, lanceolate, acuminate, undivided or 2- or 3-fid. |
Peduncles | 2–8 cm. |
3–13 cm. |
Pedicels | reflexed in fruit, 5–12 mm; bracteoles broad-obovate, membranous, 0.5–1 mm, truncate to 2-fid. |
straight, 1 mm; bracteoles distinct or connate, broadly ovate, 1 mm. |
Flowers | 10–15 mm; calyx campanulate, 6–9 mm, pilose or glabrous, veins 10, tube 1–1.5 mm, lobes equal, narrowly triangular to subulate, 3–7 mm, margins green, sinuses broad, orifice open; corolla usually pink, magenta, or creamy white, sometimes bicolored, 9–14 mm, banner obovate-oblong, 9–14 × 5–8 mm, apex rounded or retuse, often erose-denticulate. |
10–27 mm; calyx campanulate, 3–8 mm, glabrous, veins 10, tube 1.5–2.5 mm, lobes 5–10, unequal, undivided or 3-fid, long-acuminate, orifice open; corolla creamy white to yellow, pink to purple in age, keel petals rarely dark purple, 10–27 mm, banner broadly ovate, inflated in fruit, not distally twisted, 10–27 × 6–15 mm, apex rounded, erose. |
Legumes | oblong, 4–5 mm. |
stipitate, linear, 7–8 mm. |
Seeds | 1–6, yellow to brown, purple-mottled, globose, 1.2–1.5 mm, slightly rugose. |
3–8, gray, mottled, globose, 1.6–2 mm, reticulate. |
2n | = 16. |
= 16. |
Trifolium reflexum |
Trifolium fucatum |
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Phenology | Flowering Apr–Jun. | Flowering Apr–Jun. |
Habitat | Clearings in forests, open woods, meadows, especially after fires. | Moist places, meadows, roadsides. |
Elevation | 200–500 m. (700–1600 ft.) | 0–1000 m. (0–3300 ft.) |
Distribution |
AL; AR; DC; FL; GA; IA; IL; IN; KS; KY; LA; MD; MO; MS; NC; NE; NJ; OH; OK; PA; SC; TN; TX; VA; WV; ON
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CA; OR; WA [Introduced in Asia (China, Japan)]
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Discussion | Nearly glabrous plants of Trifolium reflexum have been called var. glabrum Lojacono; var. reflexum is described as densely pubescent. The distinctions between these two varieties is inconsistent and may be based in part on age (M. A. Vincent 1991). (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Trifolium fucatum is known as an invasive species in Japan (T. Mito and T. Uesugi 2004) and has also been introduced in China (specimen at BM). A single old collection exists from British Columbia, but the species has not been collected in that province again. The Michigan record of the species is an inadvertent waif. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 11. | FNA vol. 11. |
Parent taxa | Fabaceae > subfam. Faboideae > Trifolium | Fabaceae > subfam. Faboideae > Trifolium |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | Amoria reflexa, T. adscendens, T. comosum, T. platycephalum | T. flavulum, T. fucatum var. flavulum, T. fucatum var. gambelii, T. fucatum var. virescens, T. gambelii, T. physopetalum, T. virescens |
Name authority | Linnaeus: Sp. Pl. 2: 766. (1753) | Lindley: Edwards’s Bot. Reg. 22: plate 1883. (1836) |
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