Trifolium reflexum |
Trifolium bolanderi |
|
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buffalo clover |
Bolander's clover, parasol clover |
|
Habit | Herbs annual or biennial, 10–60 cm, villous or glabrate. | Herbs perennial, 15–30 cm, glabrous. |
Stems | erect or ascending, unbranched or branched. |
ascending, cespitose, branched. |
Leaves | palmate; stipules broadly ovate, 1–2.5 cm, margins entire or denticulate, apex acute or acuminate; petiole 1–10 cm (distalmost 0.3–3.5 cm); petiolules 0.5–1.5 mm; leaflets 3, blades ovate, obovate, oblong, or rhombic, 1–4.5 × 0.7–2 cm, base cuneate, veins fine, margins dentate to denticulate, apex broadly acute, rounded, or emarginate, surfaces pubescent or glabrous. |
palmate; stipules ovate or lanceolate, 0.6–1.5 cm, margins entire, apex acute; petiole 1–7 cm; petiolules to 1 mm; leaflets 3, blades obcordate, obovate, or elliptic, 1–1.9 × 0.5–1.1 cm, base cuneate, veins fine to slightly thickened, margins setose, apex obtuse, rounded, or emarginate, apiculate, surfaces glabrous. |
Inflorescences | terminal or axillary, 10–50-flowered, globose to subglobose, 1.5–4 × 2–4 cm; bracteoles forming shallow, membranous cups, to 0.5 mm. |
terminal, 12–30-flowered, ovoid, 1–2 × 1.5–3 cm, rachis prolonged beyond flowers, undivided or forked, often bearing sterile flower buds distally; involucres absent. |
Peduncles | 2–8 cm. |
slender, bent distally, just below flowers, 5–20 cm. |
Pedicels | reflexed in fruit, 5–12 mm; bracteoles broad-obovate, membranous, 0.5–1 mm, truncate to 2-fid. |
strongly reflexed, 1–1.2 mm; bracteoles minute, cuplike. |
Flowers | 10–15 mm; calyx campanulate, 6–9 mm, pilose or glabrous, veins 10, tube 1–1.5 mm, lobes equal, narrowly triangular to subulate, 3–7 mm, margins green, sinuses broad, orifice open; corolla usually pink, magenta, or creamy white, sometimes bicolored, 9–14 mm, banner obovate-oblong, 9–14 × 5–8 mm, apex rounded or retuse, often erose-denticulate. |
12–14 mm; calyx deep violet, campanulate, gibbous, 3–5 mm, glabrous, veins 5, tube 1.5–2 mm, lobes unequal, triangular-subulate, orifice open; corolla lavender to purplish, 11–12 mm, banner curved, oblanceolate, 10–12 × 3–4 mm, apex narrow, rounded, slightly emarginate. |
Legumes | oblong, 4–5 mm. |
ellipsoid, 3–4 mm. |
Seeds | 1–6, yellow to brown, purple-mottled, globose, 1.2–1.5 mm, slightly rugose. |
1 or 2, brown, ellipsoid, 1.2–1.5 mm, smooth. |
2n | = 16. |
|
Trifolium reflexum |
Trifolium bolanderi |
|
Phenology | Flowering Apr–Jun. | Flowering Jun–Aug. |
Habitat | Clearings in forests, open woods, meadows, especially after fires. | Meadows. |
Elevation | 200–500 m. (700–1600 ft.) | 2000–2300 m. (6600–7500 ft.) |
Distribution |
AL; AR; DC; FL; GA; IA; IL; IN; KS; KY; LA; MD; MO; MS; NC; NE; NJ; OH; OK; PA; SC; TN; TX; VA; WV; ON
|
CA |
Discussion | Nearly glabrous plants of Trifolium reflexum have been called var. glabrum Lojacono; var. reflexum is described as densely pubescent. The distinctions between these two varieties is inconsistent and may be based in part on age (M. A. Vincent 1991). (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Trifolium bolanderi is known from the Sierra Nevada in California and may be vulnerable to shifts in climate patterns. Genetic diversity of populations of the species (based on allozyme patterns) was found to be relatively high; two genetically distinct groups of populations are known (R. G. Denton 2002). (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 11. | FNA vol. 11. |
Parent taxa | Fabaceae > subfam. Faboideae > Trifolium | Fabaceae > subfam. Faboideae > Trifolium |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | Amoria reflexa, T. adscendens, T. comosum, T. platycephalum | |
Name authority | Linnaeus: Sp. Pl. 2: 766. (1753) | A. Gray: Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 7: 335. (1868) |
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