Trifolium polyodon |
Trifolium amphianthum |
|
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Pacific grove clover, woods or Pacific grove clover |
peanut clover |
|
Habit | Herbs annual, 10–60 cm, glabrous. | Herbs perennial, 10–25 cm, glabrous or glabrate. |
Stems | decumbent or ascending, branched. |
creeping, branched, rooting at nodes. |
Leaves | palmate; stipules lanceolate to ovate, 0.4–1.8 cm, margins lacerate, apex acute to acuminate; petiole 0.5–6 cm; petiolules to 1 mm; leaflets 3, blades broadly elliptic to broadly obovate, 0.4–2.5 × 0.4–1.5 cm, base cuneate, veins moderately thickened, margins dentate-serrulate, apex rounded or truncate, often retuse, surfaces glabrous. |
palmate; stipules ovate-lanceolate, 0.5–1 cm, margins entire, apex acute to acuminate; petiole 3–10 cm; petiolules 0.5–1 mm; leaflets 3, blades obcordate, 0.5–1.8 × 0.5–1.5 cm, base cuneate, veins thickened, margins entire or denticulate distally, apex usually deeply emarginate, rarely rounded, surfaces glabrous. |
Inflorescences | axillary, 10–25-flowered, subglobose or globose, 1–1.8 × 1–1.8 cm; involucres flattened or bowl-shaped, 4–7 mm, incised 1/2 their length, when folded, not hiding flowers except proximally, lobes 5–12, dentate-lacerate, spinulose. |
axillary, 5–20-flowered, globose, 1–2.2 × 1–20 cm, chasmogamous erect, cleistogamous becoming subterranean; involucres formed of distinct, narrowly lanceolate bracts, 2.5–3.5 mm. |
Peduncles | 1–2 cm. |
chasmogamous 6–8 cm, cleistogamous ± sessile. |
Pedicels | straight, to 1 mm; bracteoles absent. |
reflexed in fruit, cleistogamous pushing fruit underground, chasmogamous 1–8 mm, cleistogamous 4–20 mm; bracteoles lanceolate, 2–4 mm. |
Flowers | 8–10 mm; calyx campanulate-tubular, not slit between adaxial lobes, 5–7 mm, glabrous, veins 20, tube 1.9–2.4 mm, lobes unequal, 3-fid or laciniate, often appearing 7+-lobed, orifice open; corolla pink or pale purple, 8–9 mm, banner elliptic, 8–9 × 2–3 mm, apex retuse. |
chasmogamous 8–11 mm, cleistogamous 4–5 mm; calyx campanulate, 3–5 mm, slightly pilose, veins 10, tube 1.5–2 mm, lobes subequal, adaxial pair connate proximally, sometimes nearly entire length, narrowly triangular-subulate, orifice open; corolla magenta or pink, 7.5–11 mm, banner broadly obovate-elliptic, 5–10 × 5–8 mm, apex rounded, emarginate. |
Legumes | ellipsoid, 3.5–4 mm. |
stipitate, chasmogamous ellipsoid, cleistogamous ovoid-globose, chasmogamous longitudinally dehiscent, 3–6 mm, cleistogamous indehiscent, 3–6 mm. |
Seeds | 2, dark brown, mottled, ovoid or reniform, 1.7–1.9 mm, smooth. |
2–6 (chasmogamous), 1–3 (cleistogamous), tan, mitten-shaped, 1.2–1.5 mm, smooth. |
2n | = 16, 32. |
|
Trifolium polyodon |
Trifolium amphianthum |
|
Phenology | Flowering Apr–Jun. | Flowering Mar–Jun. |
Habitat | Along streams, moist meadows. | Sandy soils, prairies. |
Elevation | 0–150 m. (0–500 ft.) | 0–200 m. (0–700 ft.) |
Distribution |
CA |
LA; TX |
Discussion | The taxonomic status of Trifolium polyodon, known only from Monterey County, has long been debated. W. L. Jepson (1936) considered it a variety of T. tridentatum Lindley (= T. willdenovii). The first to consider it as a variety of T. variegatum was J. S. Martin (1943), who never formally published a new combination; an invalid combination was made by M. Zohary and D. Heller (1984). D. Isely (1998) included it in his interpretation of T. variegatum as phase 5 of that species; he speculated that T. polyodon might have originated as a hybrid of T. variegatum and T. willdenovii. Molecular studies (N. W. Ellison et al. 2006) showed that T. polyodon is closely related to T. variegatum but is distinct; it also appears to be related to T. cyathiferum. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Trifolium amphianthum ranges in east-central Texas from Aransas County northward to Denton County, and eastward to San Augustine and Shelby counties; it is also recorded from Natchitoches and Rapides parishes in Louisiana. Trifolium amphianthum was collected once in Arkansas, but the specimen may have been from cultivation. The name Trifolium polymorphum Poiret applies to plants found in Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay, and Uruguay and has been misapplied to this North American endemic, as was done by M. Zohary and D. Heller (1984). Trifolium amphianthum is distinguished from T. polymorphum by its much larger leaves and flowers and essentially glabrous leaves and peduncles. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 11. | FNA vol. 11. |
Parent taxa | ||
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | T. tridentatum var. polyodon | T. roemerianum |
Name authority | Greene: Pittonia 3: 215. (1897) | Torrey & A. Gray: Fl. N. Amer. 1: 316. (1838) |
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