Trifolium owyheense |
Trifolium subterraneum |
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Owyhee clover |
burrowing clover, subclover, subterranean clover, subterranean trefoil |
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Habit | Herbs perennial, 10–20 cm, glaucous, glabrous. | Herbs annual, 10–80 cm, glabrous or appressed-pubescent. |
Stems | cespitose, spreading, branched proximally, sparsely branched distally. |
prostrate to ascending, branched. |
Leaves | palmate; stipules broadly obovate, 1–2 cm, fused at base, margins slightly lobed, apex acute; petiole 2–6 cm; petiolules 1–1.5 mm; leaflets 3, blades ovate, obovate, or orbiculate, slightly overlapping, 1–2 × 0.7–2.3 cm, base truncate to rounded, veins prominent, margins sparsely dentate, apex rounded, emarginate, surfaces glabrous. |
palmate; stipules ovate, 0.5–3 cm, margins entire or slightly toothed, ciliate, apex acute to acuminate; petiole 1–20 cm; petiolules 1 mm; leaflets 3, blades broadly obcordate, 0.8–2.8 × 1–3 cm, base cuneate, veins delicate, widely spaced, margins mostly entire, slightly dentate distally, apex emarginate, surfaces appressed-sericeous. |
Inflorescences | terminal, 20–30-flowered, globose, usually formed of 2 sessile heads, 2.5–5 × 2.5–5 cm; involucres absent. |
axillary, elongate and reflexed, pushing into substrate after anthesis, fertile flowers 2–7, sterile flowers 0–80, globose or cylindric, 0.5–1.5 × 0.8–1.5 cm; involucres absent. |
Peduncles | 3–7 cm, surpassing subtending leaves. |
2–6.5 cm. |
Pedicels | erect, reflexed in proximalmost flowers, 1 mm; bracteoles cuplike, 0.5 mm. |
reflexed after anthesis, 0.2–0.4 mm; bracteoles absent. |
Flowers | 15–21 mm; calyx tubular-campanulate, 9–12 mm, pilose, veins 10, tube 4.5–6 mm, lobes subequal, abaxialmost longest, subulate, orifice open; corolla deep pink or magenta, 20–23 mm, banner tubular for most their length, 18–22 × 5–7 mm, apex flared. |
fertile ones 7–15 mm; calyx tubular, 5–6 mm, glabrous or hairy, veins indistinct, tube 3–4 mm, lobes subequal, pubescent or glabrous, spreading, orifice open; corolla white, pink, or pink-striped, 7–10 mm, banner ovate-elliptic, 7–10 × 1.5–2 mm, apex rounded; sterile flowers 4–7 mm; calyx teeth linear; corolla absent. |
Legumes | ellipsoid, 4–5 mm. |
subterranean, obovoid, 3–4 mm. |
Seeds | 1 or 2, yellow-mottled, mitten-shaped, 2–3 mm, smooth. |
1, purplish black, ellipsoid, 2.6–3 mm, smooth, dull. |
2n | = 16. |
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Trifolium owyheense |
Trifolium subterraneum |
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Phenology | Flowering May–Jun. | Flowering Mar–May. |
Habitat | Dry shale hillsides on diatomaceous earth. | Open, disturbed sandy soils. |
Elevation | 1000–2000 m. (3300–6600 ft.) | 0–1000 m. (0–3300 ft.) |
Distribution |
ID; OR
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CA; GA; LA; MA; MS; NC; NJ; OR; SC; WA; BC; w Europe; w Asia; n Africa [Introduced in North America; introduced also in s South America, s Africa, Pacific Islands (Hawaii, New Zealand), Australia]
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Discussion | Trifolium owyheense is known from about 40 populations in a small portion of east-central Malheur County in Oregon, and immediately adjacent Owyhee County in Idaho (M. Mancuso 2001). (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Trifolium subterraneum was first introduced by the USDA about 1921 as a pasture crop; it is utilized as such in the western and southern United States (W. S. McGuire 1985). Inflorescences of T. subterraneum consist of intermixed sterile and fertile flowers; after fetilization, the inflorescence is pushed underground, where the fruits develop. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 11. | FNA vol. 11. |
Parent taxa | Fabaceae > subfam. Faboideae > Trifolium | Fabaceae > subfam. Faboideae > Trifolium |
Sibling taxa | ||
Name authority | Gilkey: Madroño 13: 169, fig. 1. (1956) | Linnaeus: Sp. Pl. 2: 767. (1753) |
Web links |
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