Trifolium ornithopodioides |
Trifolium resupinatum |
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bird clover |
Persian clover, reversed clover |
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Habit | Herbs annual, 5–50 cm, glabrous or glabrescent. | Herbs annual, 20–60 cm, glabrous or glabrescent. |
Stems | procumbent, ascending, or erect, branched. |
ascending, erect, or procumbent, branched. |
Leaves | palmate; stipules obovate-lanceolate, 0.5–0.8 cm, margins entire, apex subulate or cuspidate; petiole 4–10 cm; petiolules 0.5 mm; leaflets 3, blades obcordate or obovate, 0.6–1 × 0.4–0.6 cm, base cuneate, veins fine, margins finely serrate, apex truncate or emarginate, surfaces glabrous. |
palmate; stipules lanceolate or ovate, 0.5–1.8 cm, margins entire, apex acuminate-filiform; petiole 0.5–20 cm; petiolules to 1 mm; leaflets 3, blades obovate, ovate, elliptic, or rhombic, 1–3 × 0.5–3 cm, base cuneate, veins moderately prominent, margins spinulose-dentate, apex rounded or broadly acute, surfaces hairy abaxially, glabrous adaxially. |
Inflorescences | axillary, 1–5-flowered, loose, oblong, 0.5–1.2 × 0.1–0.5 cm; involucres absent or bracteoles shallow, cuplike, ± equaling pedicels. |
axillary, 15–30-flowered, subglobose to globose, flowers resupinate, forming stellate-spreading clusters in fruit, 0.5–1.6 × 0.8–1.5 cm; involucres a narrow rim, 0.2 mm. |
Peduncles | 0.5–2 cm. |
1–6 cm. |
Pedicels | straight or slightly reflexed, 1–3 mm; bracteoles lanceolate, 1 mm. |
slightly reflexed, to 0.5 mm; bracteoles minute or absent. |
Flowers | 5–10 mm; calyx campanulate, 4–4.5 mm, glabrous, veins 10, tube 2.5–3 mm, lobes unequal, triangular, orifice open; corolla pink or white, 5–9 mm, banner oblong, 5–9 × 2–3 mm, apex rounded. |
5–6 mm; calyx tubular-campanulate, inflated in fruit, markedly asymmetric-bilabiate, slit between adaxial lobes, 2.5–3 mm, 8–11 mm in fruit, hairy, short-hairy or glabrescent in fruit, veins 10, connected by lateral veins, tube 2 mm, 7–9 mm in fruit, lobes green, erect, unequal, triangular, divergent, linear-lanceolate, unequal in fruit, orifice open; corolla pink to purple, 5–8 mm, banner oblong, 5–8 × 2 mm, apex emarginate to crenulate. |
Legumes | stipitate, ellipsoid-oblong, 6–10 mm. |
lenticular, 1.8–2.2 mm. |
Seeds | 4–9, black or dark brown, ellipsoid-globose, 1–1.5 mm, smooth, glossy. |
1, ovoid, dark purple, olive green, yellow, or reddish brown, 1.5–1.9 mm, smooth, dull. |
2n | = 16. |
= 14, 16, 32. |
Trifolium ornithopodioides |
Trifolium resupinatum |
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Phenology | Flowering May–Jun. | Flowering Mar–May. |
Habitat | Coastal slopes, roadsides. | Wet meadows, lawns, roadsides, fields, waste places. |
Elevation | 0–50 m. (0–200 ft.) | 0–700 m. (0–2300 ft.) |
Distribution |
NB; Europe; n Africa [Introduced in North America; introduced also in Pacific Islands (New Zealand), Australia] |
AL; AR; CA; DC; FL; GA; IA; IL; IN; KS; KY; LA; MA; MD; MO; MS; NC; ND; OH; OK; OR; PA; SC; SD; TN; TX; VA; VT; WA; WI; WV; ON; c Europe; s Europe; sw Asia; n Africa; introduced also in s South America (Argentina, Uruguay); s Africa; Pacific Islands (Hawaii, New Zealand); Australia [Introduced in North America]
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Discussion | Trifolium ornithopodioides comprises small plants and has been considered a member of Trigonella by some authors; molecular studies by N. W. Ellison et al. (2006) showed that it is nested within Trifolium. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Widespread use of Trifolium resupinatum as a forage crop began in the late 1920s, after it began to flourish in Louisiana following a flood of the Mississippi River (E. A. Hollowell 1943). It is used in the southern United States as a pasture plant and for production of hay, and has spread widely from cultivation. Reports of Trifolium resupinatum for New Brunswick and Quebec are based on old collections; since the species has not been recollected for many years in either province, they are excluded here. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 11. | FNA vol. 11. |
Parent taxa | ||
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | Melilotus ornithopodioides, Trigonella ornithopodioides | |
Name authority | Linnaeus: Sp. Pl. 2: 766. (1753) — (as M. ornithopodioides) | Linnaeus: Sp. Pl. 2: 771. (1753) |
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