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bird clover

lupine clover

Habit Herbs annual, 5–50 cm, glabrous or glabrescent. Herbs perennial, 15–50 cm, glabrous or curly-pilose.
Stems

procumbent, ascending, or erect, branched.

erect, unbranched or branched distally.

Leaves

palmate;

stipules obovate-lanceolate, 0.5–0.8 cm, margins entire, apex subulate or cuspidate;

petiole 4–10 cm;

petiolules 0.5 mm;

leaflets 3, blades obcordate or obovate, 0.6–1 × 0.4–0.6 cm, base cuneate, veins fine, margins finely serrate, apex truncate or emarginate, surfaces glabrous.

palmate;

stipules adnate entire length of petiole, sheathing, lanceolate-oblong, 0.8–1.3 cm, margins sharply and finely serrate, pilose, apex acute;

petiole 0.5–0.7 cm;

petiolules 0.5 mm;

leaflets (3–)5(–9), blades elliptic to linear-elliptic, 1–4 × 0.3–1.4 cm, base cuneate, veins prominent, cartilagenous, ending in sharp, curved teeth, margins setaceous, apex acute to obtuse, surfaces glabrous except midrib abaxially.

Inflorescences

axillary, 1–5-flowered, loose, oblong, 0.5–1.2 × 0.1–0.5 cm;

involucres absent or bracteoles shallow, cuplike, ± equaling pedicels.

terminal or axillary, 10–30-flowered, hemispheric or globose, 1.7–2.3 × 2.7–3.3 cm;

involucres oblique, to 0.5 mm, wavy to toothed.

Peduncles

0.5–2 cm.

1–5 cm.

Pedicels

straight or slightly reflexed, 1–3 mm;

bracteoles lanceolate, 1 mm.

erect or horizontal, 1–3 mm;

bracteoles broadly shell-shaped, sometimes connate into lobed ridge, to 0.5 mm.

Flowers

5–10 mm;

calyx campanulate, 4–4.5 mm, glabrous, veins 10, tube 2.5–3 mm, lobes unequal, triangular, orifice open;

corolla pink or white, 5–9 mm, banner oblong, 5–9 × 2–3 mm, apex rounded.

11–17 mm;

calyx campanulate, oblique, 6–9 mm, glabrous or sparsely hairy distally and along veins, veins 10, tube 3 mm, lobes subequal, pilose, abaxial slightly longer, subulate, orifice open;

corolla white to rose-purple, 10–15 mm, banner rolled into open tube, arched upwards distally, 10–15 × 4–5 mm, apex broadly rounded or acute, apiculate.

Legumes

stipitate, ellipsoid-oblong, 6–10 mm.

oblong, 6–8 mm.

Seeds

4–9, black or dark brown, ellipsoid-globose, 1–1.5 mm, smooth, glossy.

3–6, dark brown or gray-brown, globose-reniform, 1.5–2 mm, slightly roughened, dull.

2n

= 16.

= 16, 32, 40, 48.

Trifolium ornithopodioides

Trifolium lupinaster

Phenology Flowering May–Jun. Flowering Jun.
Habitat Coastal slopes, roadsides. Forest glades, meadows.
Elevation 0–50 m. (0–200 ft.) 0–400 m. (0–1300 ft.)
Distribution
from FNA
NB; Europe; n Africa [Introduced in North America; introduced also in Pacific Islands (New Zealand), Australia]
[BONAP county map]
from FNA
AK; Asia (n China, Russia) [Introduced in North America]
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

Trifolium ornithopodioides comprises small plants and has been considered a member of Trigonella by some authors; molecular studies by N. W. Ellison et al. (2006) showed that it is nested within Trifolium.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Populations of Trifolium lupinaster in Alaska appear to have been introduced as a potential forage crop and spread from cultivation (D. F. Murray and H. F. Drury 1974).

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Source FNA vol. 11. FNA vol. 11.
Parent taxa Fabaceae > subfam. Faboideae > Trifolium Fabaceae > subfam. Faboideae > Trifolium
Sibling taxa
T. albopurpureum, T. alexandrinum, T. amoenum, T. amphianthum, T. andersonii, T. andinum, T. angustifolium, T. appendiculatum, T. arvense, T. attenuatum, T. aureum, T. barbigerum, T. barnebyi, T. beckwithii, T. bejariense, T. bifidum, T. bolanderi, T. brandegeei, T. breweri, T. buckwestiorum, T. calcaricum, T. campestre, T. carolinianum, T. cernuum, T. ciliolatum, T. columbinum, T. cyathiferum, T. dasyphyllum, T. dedeckerae, T. depauperatum, T. dichotomum, T. douglasii, T. dubium, T. echinatum, T. eriocephalum, T. fragiferum, T. friscanum, T. fucatum, T. glomeratum, T. gracilentum, T. grayi, T. gymnocarpon, T. haydenii, T. hirtum, T. howellii, T. hybridum, T. hydrophilum, T. incarnatum, T. jokerstii, T. kentuckiense, T. kingii, T. lappaceum, T. latifolium, T. leibergii, T. lemmonii, T. longipes, T. lupinaster, T. macilentum, T. macraei, T. macrocephalum, T. medium, T. microcephalum, T. microdon, T. monanthum, T. mucronatum, T. nanum, T. nigrescens, T. obtusiflorum, T. oliganthum, T. owyheense, T. palmeri, T. parryi, T. pinetorum, T. piorkowskii, T. plumosum, T. polyodon, T. pratense, T. productum, T. reflexum, T. repens, T. resupinatum, T. retusum, T. rollinsii, T. siskiyouense, T. sonorense, T. stoloniferum, T. striatum, T. subterraneum, T. suffocatum, T. thompsonii, T. tomentosum, T. trichocalyx, T. variegatum, T. vesiculosum, T. virginicum, T. willdenovii, T. wormskioldii
T. albopurpureum, T. alexandrinum, T. amoenum, T. amphianthum, T. andersonii, T. andinum, T. angustifolium, T. appendiculatum, T. arvense, T. attenuatum, T. aureum, T. barbigerum, T. barnebyi, T. beckwithii, T. bejariense, T. bifidum, T. bolanderi, T. brandegeei, T. breweri, T. buckwestiorum, T. calcaricum, T. campestre, T. carolinianum, T. cernuum, T. ciliolatum, T. columbinum, T. cyathiferum, T. dasyphyllum, T. dedeckerae, T. depauperatum, T. dichotomum, T. douglasii, T. dubium, T. echinatum, T. eriocephalum, T. fragiferum, T. friscanum, T. fucatum, T. glomeratum, T. gracilentum, T. grayi, T. gymnocarpon, T. haydenii, T. hirtum, T. howellii, T. hybridum, T. hydrophilum, T. incarnatum, T. jokerstii, T. kentuckiense, T. kingii, T. lappaceum, T. latifolium, T. leibergii, T. lemmonii, T. longipes, T. macilentum, T. macraei, T. macrocephalum, T. medium, T. microcephalum, T. microdon, T. monanthum, T. mucronatum, T. nanum, T. nigrescens, T. obtusiflorum, T. oliganthum, T. ornithopodioides, T. owyheense, T. palmeri, T. parryi, T. pinetorum, T. piorkowskii, T. plumosum, T. polyodon, T. pratense, T. productum, T. reflexum, T. repens, T. resupinatum, T. retusum, T. rollinsii, T. siskiyouense, T. sonorense, T. stoloniferum, T. striatum, T. subterraneum, T. suffocatum, T. thompsonii, T. tomentosum, T. trichocalyx, T. variegatum, T. vesiculosum, T. virginicum, T. willdenovii, T. wormskioldii
Synonyms Melilotus ornithopodioides, Trigonella ornithopodioides Lupinaster pentaphyllus, Pentaphyllon lupinaster
Name authority Linnaeus: Sp. Pl. 2: 766. (1753) — (as M. ornithopodioides) Linnaeus: Sp. Pl. 2: 766. (1753)
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