Trifolium macrocephalum |
Trifolium monanthum |
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big-head clover, large-head clover |
carpet clover, mountain carpet clover |
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Habit | Herbs perennial, 5–25 cm, villous. | Herbs perennial, 3–22 cm, glabrous or hairy, often mat-forming. | ||||||||||||
Stems | erect or ascending, branched. |
decumbent to ascending, much-branched. |
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Leaves | palmate; stipules ovate, obovate, or oblong, 1–3 cm, margins entire, irregularly lobed, or serrate, apex acute or acuminate; petiole 1–14 cm; petiolules 0.9–1.2 mm; leaflets (5–)7–9, blades broadly to narrowly obovate, often folded, 1–2.7 × 0.4–1.1 cm, base cuneate, veins thickened, especially distally, margins serrulate, apex rounded or truncate, apiculate, surfaces villous abaxially, sparsely villous to glabrate adaxially. |
palmate; stipules ovate to lanceolate, 0.3–1.2 cm, margins entire, serrate, or slightly lacerate, apex acute to acuminate; petiole 1–4.5 cm; petiolules 0.1–0.5 mm; leaflets 3, blades obovate, oblanceolate, or elliptic, 0.3–2 × 0.2–0.5 cm, base cuneate, veins prominent, margins ± dentate, serrate, or setose, apex acute, rounded, or retuse, surfaces glabrous or slightly villous. |
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Inflorescences | terminal, 20–32-flowered, globose or ovoid-ellipsoid, 2.5–8 × 3–7 cm; involucres absent. |
axillary or terminal, 1–9-flowered, solitary or subglobose, 1–1.6 × 0.3–1.2 cm; involucres campanulate, 2–5 mm, incised nearly to base, lobes 2–8, lanceolate. |
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Peduncles | 2–8 cm. |
0.5–2 cm. |
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Pedicels | erect, 1–1.5 mm; bracteoles broadly ovate, membranous, to 0.5 mm, truncate. |
erect, 1 mm; bracteoles absent. |
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Flowers | 20–30 mm; calyx campanulate, 10–22 mm, villous, veins 10–15, tube 2.5–4 mm, lobes subequal, subulate, plumose, orifice open; corolla white, creamy white, or pinkish, keel petals deep pink, 20–28 mm, banner ovate or oblong, 20–28 × 10–13 mm, apex rounded or slightly emarginate. |
10–16 mm; calyx tubular, 2–10 mm, glabrous or pubescent, veins 10, tube 4–7 mm, lobes equal, triangular-subulate, orifice open; corolla white, pink, or lavender, keel petals usually purple-spotted, 8–16 mm, banner oblong, 8–13 × 2–5 mm, apex emarginate. |
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Legumes | ovoid, 4–5 mm. |
oblong, 2–4 mm. |
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Seeds | 1 or 2, yellow or reddish, mitten-shaped to ellipsoid, 2.5–3 mm, smooth. |
1 or 2, brown, mottled, mitten-shaped, 1–2 mm, dull. |
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2n | = 32, 48. |
= 16. |
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Trifolium macrocephalum |
Trifolium monanthum |
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Phenology | Flowering Apr–Jun. | |||||||||||||
Habitat | Rocky places, hard, compacted clay-gumbo, lava beds, sage-covered slopes, full sun. | |||||||||||||
Elevation | 80–2500 m. [260–8200 ft.] | |||||||||||||
Distribution |
CA; ID; NV; OR; WA
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w United States; nw Mexico
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Discussion | Trifolium macrocephalum has the largest inflorescences of any clover. Trifolium megacephalum Nuttall (1818) is an illegitimate replacement name for Lupinaster macrocephalum Pursh. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Subspecies 4 (4 in the flora). Morphological intergradation among subspecies of Trifolium monanthum may be indicative of low genetic barriers to crossing. It might be just as plausible to divide T. mononathum into two species instead of four subspecies (J. M. Gillett 1980), with T. monanthum encompassing populations with white rhizomes, and T. multicaule encompassing populations with taproots. Trifolium monanthum often forms dense mats. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
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Key |
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Source | FNA vol. 11. | FNA vol. 11. | ||||||||||||
Parent taxa | ||||||||||||||
Sibling taxa | ||||||||||||||
Subordinate taxa | ||||||||||||||
Synonyms | Lupinaster macrocephalum | |||||||||||||
Name authority | (Pursh) Poiret in J. Lamarck et al.: Encycl., suppl. 5: 336. (1817) | A. Gray: Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 6: 523. (1865) | ||||||||||||
Web links |