Trifolium macrocephalum |
Trifolium microdon |
|
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big-head clover, large-head clover |
thimble clover, Valparaiso clover |
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Habit | Herbs perennial, 5–25 cm, villous. | Herbs annual, 6–35 cm, villous or glabrous. |
Stems | erect or ascending, branched. |
erect or ascending, branched. |
Leaves | palmate; stipules ovate, obovate, or oblong, 1–3 cm, margins entire, irregularly lobed, or serrate, apex acute or acuminate; petiole 1–14 cm; petiolules 0.9–1.2 mm; leaflets (5–)7–9, blades broadly to narrowly obovate, often folded, 1–2.7 × 0.4–1.1 cm, base cuneate, veins thickened, especially distally, margins serrulate, apex rounded or truncate, apiculate, surfaces villous abaxially, sparsely villous to glabrate adaxially. |
palmate; stipules obliquely ovate, 0.4–1.2 cm, margins entire, toothed, or lacerate, apex acuminate; petiole 1–8 cm; petiolules 0.5 mm; leaflets 3, blades obovate or obcordate, 0.4–1.4 × 0.3–1.2 cm, base cuneate, veins fine, thickened distally, margins serrate, apex rounded or emarginate, surfaces villous or glabrous. |
Inflorescences | terminal, 20–32-flowered, globose or ovoid-ellipsoid, 2.5–8 × 3–7 cm; involucres absent. |
axillary or terminal, 10–17-flowered, subglobose, 0.8–1.7 × 0.5–1.5 cm; involucres cup-shaped, 0.5–1.5 cm, glabrous or sparsely hairy, lobes 8–12, ovate, conspicuously sharply toothed. |
Peduncles | 2–8 cm. |
1.5–7.4 cm. |
Pedicels | erect, 1–1.5 mm; bracteoles broadly ovate, membranous, to 0.5 mm, truncate. |
absent; bracteoles absent. |
Flowers | 20–30 mm; calyx campanulate, 10–22 mm, villous, veins 10–15, tube 2.5–4 mm, lobes subequal, subulate, plumose, orifice open; corolla white, creamy white, or pinkish, keel petals deep pink, 20–28 mm, banner ovate or oblong, 20–28 × 10–13 mm, apex rounded or slightly emarginate. |
6–7 mm; calyx tubular-campanulate, 3–4 mm, glabrous, veins 10, tube 2.5–3.5 mm, lobes ± equal, triangular, not or minutely aristate, conspicuously toothed, margins membranous, orifice open; corolla pale pink or white, 6–9 mm, banner oblong, 6–9 × 2–3 mm, apex narrowly rounded or emarginate-mucronate. |
Legumes | ovoid, 4–5 mm. |
ovoid, 2–3 mm. |
Seeds | 1 or 2, yellow or reddish, mitten-shaped to ellipsoid, 2.5–3 mm, smooth. |
1 or 2, greenish, sometimes mottled, oblong, 1.5–2 mm, smooth. |
2n | = 32, 48. |
= 16. |
Trifolium macrocephalum |
Trifolium microdon |
|
Phenology | Flowering Apr–Jun. | Flowering Apr–Jul. |
Habitat | Rocky places, hard, compacted clay-gumbo, lava beds, sage-covered slopes, full sun. | Meadows, roadsides, dry slopes, fields, open oak or pine forests. |
Elevation | 80–2500 m. [260–8200 ft.] | 0–1500 m. [0–4900 ft.] |
Distribution |
CA; ID; NV; OR; WA
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CA; ID; OR; WA; BC; Mexico (Baja California); South America (Chile)
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Discussion | Trifolium macrocephalum has the largest inflorescences of any clover. Trifolium megacephalum Nuttall (1818) is an illegitimate replacement name for Lupinaster macrocephalum Pursh. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Trifolium microdon is one of several clovers that have an apparently natural disjunct distribution between the western coast of South America (Chile) and western North America. Others include T. depauperatum var. depauperatum and T. macraei. In herbarium specimens of Trifolium microdon, the folded involucre hides, or nearly hides, the calyces, whereas in herbarium specimens of similar T. microcephalum, the calyces are still visible. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 11. | FNA vol. 11. |
Parent taxa | ||
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | Lupinaster macrocephalum | T. microdon var. pilosum |
Name authority | (Pursh) Poiret in J. Lamarck et al.: Encycl., suppl. 5: 336. (1817) | Hooker & Arnott: Bot. Misc. 3: 180. (1833) |
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