Trifolium macrocephalum |
Trifolium latifolium |
|
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big-head clover, large-head clover |
broad-leaf clover, twin clover |
|
Habit | Herbs perennial, 5–25 cm, villous. | Herbs perennial, 4–40 cm, appressed-pubescent. |
Stems | erect or ascending, branched. |
ascending, branched from slender, rhizomatous crown. |
Leaves | palmate; stipules ovate, obovate, or oblong, 1–3 cm, margins entire, irregularly lobed, or serrate, apex acute or acuminate; petiole 1–14 cm; petiolules 0.9–1.2 mm; leaflets (5–)7–9, blades broadly to narrowly obovate, often folded, 1–2.7 × 0.4–1.1 cm, base cuneate, veins thickened, especially distally, margins serrulate, apex rounded or truncate, apiculate, surfaces villous abaxially, sparsely villous to glabrate adaxially. |
palmate; stipules ovate or lanceolate, 0.5–2 cm, margins entire proximally, 1–3-toothed distally, apex acuminate or acute; petiole 1.5–10 cm; petiolules to 1 mm; leaflets 3, blades obovate or elliptic, 0.5–4.2 × 0.3–2.5 cm, base cuneate, veins fine or slightly thickened, margins serrulate, apex acute, rounded, or retuse, apiculate, surfaces appressed-pubescent. |
Inflorescences | terminal, 20–32-flowered, globose or ovoid-ellipsoid, 2.5–8 × 3–7 cm; involucres absent. |
terminal, 6–30-flowered, globose, 2.3–3.1 × 2–3 cm, rachis prolonged beyond flowers; involucres absent. |
Peduncles | 2–8 cm. |
bent proximal to flowers, inflorescence appearing inverted, 2.5–12 cm. |
Pedicels | erect, 1–1.5 mm; bracteoles broadly ovate, membranous, to 0.5 mm, truncate. |
reflexed in fruit, 1.5–2 mm; bracteoles minute, scalelike, membranous, to 0.3 mm. |
Flowers | 20–30 mm; calyx campanulate, 10–22 mm, villous, veins 10–15, tube 2.5–4 mm, lobes subequal, subulate, plumose, orifice open; corolla white, creamy white, or pinkish, keel petals deep pink, 20–28 mm, banner ovate or oblong, 20–28 × 10–13 mm, apex rounded or slightly emarginate. |
13–17 mm, sweetly fragrant; calyx campanulate, 4.5–5 mm, appressed-pubescent, veins 5, tube 2 mm, lobes subequal, linear, orifice open; corolla white, sometimes with purplish or buff-pink veins, 12–15 mm, banner elliptic, 12–15 × 4 mm, longer than wing and keel petals, apex tapered, sometimes retuse. |
Legumes | ovoid, 4–5 mm. |
oblong to subglobose, 5 mm. |
Seeds | 1 or 2, yellow or reddish, mitten-shaped to ellipsoid, 2.5–3 mm, smooth. |
1 or 2, dark brown, ± globose, 1.2 mm, smooth. |
2n | = 32, 48. |
= 16, 32. |
Trifolium macrocephalum |
Trifolium latifolium |
|
Phenology | Flowering Apr–Jun. | Flowering May–Jul. |
Habitat | Rocky places, hard, compacted clay-gumbo, lava beds, sage-covered slopes, full sun. | Clearings in conifer forests, moist gravelly, rocky, or clay soils, grassy hillsides and gullies, prairies. |
Elevation | 80–2500 m. [260–8200 ft.] | 800–1500 m. [2600–4900 ft.] |
Distribution |
CA; ID; NV; OR; WA
|
ID; MT; OR; WA
|
Discussion | Trifolium macrocephalum has the largest inflorescences of any clover. Trifolium megacephalum Nuttall (1818) is an illegitimate replacement name for Lupinaster macrocephalum Pursh. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Trifolium latifolium, which is found in northwestern Montana, northern Idaho, northeastern Oregon, and southeastern Washington, is morphologically allied to T. longipes (J. M. Gillett 1969) and molecular phylogenetic studies place it as sister to T. longipes (N. W. Ellison et al. 2006). (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 11. | FNA vol. 11. |
Parent taxa | ||
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | Lupinaster macrocephalum | T. longipes var. latifolium, T. aitonii, T. orbiculatum |
Name authority | (Pursh) Poiret in J. Lamarck et al.: Encycl., suppl. 5: 336. (1817) | (Hooker) Greene: Pittonia 3: 223. (1897) |
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