Trifolium macrocephalum |
Trifolium beckwithii |
|
---|---|---|
big-head clover, large-head clover |
Beckwith's clover |
|
Habit | Herbs perennial, 5–25 cm, villous. | Herbs perennial, 5–50 cm, glabrous. |
Stems | erect or ascending, branched. |
erect or ascending, unbranched or several stems clumped from crown. |
Leaves | palmate; stipules ovate, obovate, or oblong, 1–3 cm, margins entire, irregularly lobed, or serrate, apex acute or acuminate; petiole 1–14 cm; petiolules 0.9–1.2 mm; leaflets (5–)7–9, blades broadly to narrowly obovate, often folded, 1–2.7 × 0.4–1.1 cm, base cuneate, veins thickened, especially distally, margins serrulate, apex rounded or truncate, apiculate, surfaces villous abaxially, sparsely villous to glabrate adaxially. |
palmate; stipules narrowly ovate, lanceolate, or linear-lanceolate, 1–2 cm, margins entire or toothed, apex acute; petiole 0.5–20 cm; petiolules 1 mm; leaflets 3, blades usually rhombic, oblong, or elliptic, sometimes ovate, 2.5–5 × 0.6–2 cm, base cuneate, veins slightly thickened, margins setose-serrulate, apex obtuse or retuse, surfaces glaucous abaxially, glabrous. |
Inflorescences | terminal, 20–32-flowered, globose or ovoid-ellipsoid, 2.5–8 × 3–7 cm; involucres absent. |
terminal or axillary, 30–70+-flowered, globose or ovoid becoming subglobose, 1.5–4 × 1.8–3.3 cm, rachis prolonged beyond flowers, undivided or forked, often bearing sterile flower buds distally; involucres absent. |
Peduncles | 2–8 cm. |
straight, thick, 5–25 cm. |
Pedicels | erect, 1–1.5 mm; bracteoles broadly ovate, membranous, to 0.5 mm, truncate. |
strongly reflexed in fruit, 1–1.5 mm; bracteoles minute. |
Flowers | 20–30 mm; calyx campanulate, 10–22 mm, villous, veins 10–15, tube 2.5–4 mm, lobes subequal, subulate, plumose, orifice open; corolla white, creamy white, or pinkish, keel petals deep pink, 20–28 mm, banner ovate or oblong, 20–28 × 10–13 mm, apex rounded or slightly emarginate. |
11–14 mm, sweetly fragrant; calyx campanulate, gibbous, 4–6 mm, glabrous, veins 5, tube 2–3 mm, lobes unequal, narrowly triangular or subulate, orifice open; corolla light purplish, sometimes with pink tips, 10–13 mm, banner straight, obovate to broadly elliptic, 13–18 × 6–8 mm, apex rounded or retuse, apiculate. |
Legumes | ovoid, 4–5 mm. |
oblong, 5 mm. |
Seeds | 1 or 2, yellow or reddish, mitten-shaped to ellipsoid, 2.5–3 mm, smooth. |
2–4, reddish brown, flattened globose, 1.5–2 mm, smooth. |
2n | = 32, 48. |
= 48. |
Trifolium macrocephalum |
Trifolium beckwithii |
|
Phenology | Flowering Apr–Jun. | Flowering May–Jul. |
Habitat | Rocky places, hard, compacted clay-gumbo, lava beds, sage-covered slopes, full sun. | Moist, grassy meadows along streams. |
Elevation | 80–2500 m. [260–8200 ft.] | 1200–2000 m. [3900–6600 ft.] |
Distribution |
CA; ID; NV; OR; WA
|
CA; ID; MT; NV; OR; SD; UT; WA
|
Discussion | Trifolium macrocephalum has the largest inflorescences of any clover. Trifolium megacephalum Nuttall (1818) is an illegitimate replacement name for Lupinaster macrocephalum Pursh. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Disjunct populations of Trifolium beckwithii found in South Dakota are over 1200 km east of the nearest populations in Montana. The South Dakota populations appear to have been long-distance introductions from populations in northern California, based on molecular data (M. R. Duvall et al. 1999). (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 11. | FNA vol. 11. |
Parent taxa | ||
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | Lupinaster macrocephalum | |
Name authority | (Pursh) Poiret in J. Lamarck et al.: Encycl., suppl. 5: 336. (1817) | Brewer ex S. Watson: Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 11: 128. (1876) |
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