Trifolium macrocephalum |
Trifolium arvense |
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big-head clover, large-head clover |
hare's foot, hare's-foot clover, rabbit's-foot clover, rabbit-foot clover |
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Habit | Herbs perennial, 5–25 cm, villous. | Herbs annual, 5–30 cm, villous. |
Stems | erect or ascending, branched. |
erect, branched distally. |
Leaves | palmate; stipules ovate, obovate, or oblong, 1–3 cm, margins entire, irregularly lobed, or serrate, apex acute or acuminate; petiole 1–14 cm; petiolules 0.9–1.2 mm; leaflets (5–)7–9, blades broadly to narrowly obovate, often folded, 1–2.7 × 0.4–1.1 cm, base cuneate, veins thickened, especially distally, margins serrulate, apex rounded or truncate, apiculate, surfaces villous abaxially, sparsely villous to glabrate adaxially. |
palmate; stipules linear-lanceolate to ovate-oblong, 0.5–0.8 cm, margins entire, apex filiform; petiole 0.4–4.5 cm; petiolules 1+ mm; leaflets 3, blades linear-oblong to narrowly elliptic, 1–2 × 0.2–0.5 cm, base cuneate, veins fine, margins denticulate distally, apex mucronate, surfaces hairy. |
Inflorescences | terminal, 20–32-flowered, globose or ovoid-ellipsoid, 2.5–8 × 3–7 cm; involucres absent. |
axillary or terminal, 30–100-flowered, ovoid or cylindric, elongate in fruit, 1–2.3 × 0.9–1.2 cm; involucres absent. |
Peduncles | 2–8 cm. |
0.5–2.5 cm. |
Pedicels | erect, 1–1.5 mm; bracteoles broadly ovate, membranous, to 0.5 mm, truncate. |
straight, to 0.5 mm; bracteoles obtuse, to 0.1 mm. |
Flowers | 20–30 mm; calyx campanulate, 10–22 mm, villous, veins 10–15, tube 2.5–4 mm, lobes subequal, subulate, plumose, orifice open; corolla white, creamy white, or pinkish, keel petals deep pink, 20–28 mm, banner ovate or oblong, 20–28 × 10–13 mm, apex rounded or slightly emarginate. |
5–8 mm; calyx campanulate, 5–8 mm, villous, veins 10, tube 1.2–1.8 mm, lobes purple or pink, subequal, setacous, orifice open, hairy; corolla white to pink, 3–6 mm, much shorter than calyx, banner narrowly ovate-elliptic, 5–5.5 × 1–1.5 mm, apex obtuse. |
Legumes | ovoid, 4–5 mm. |
ovoid, leathery distally, transversely dehiscent, 1.5–2 mm. |
Seeds | 1 or 2, yellow or reddish, mitten-shaped to ellipsoid, 2.5–3 mm, smooth. |
1, yellow, globose, 1 mm, smooth, glossy. |
2n | = 32, 48. |
= 14. |
Trifolium macrocephalum |
Trifolium arvense |
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Phenology | Flowering Apr–Jun. | Flowering Mar–Jun. |
Habitat | Rocky places, hard, compacted clay-gumbo, lava beds, sage-covered slopes, full sun. | Waste places, roadsides, fields. |
Elevation | 80–2500 m. [260–8200 ft.] | 0–1300 m. [0–4300 ft.] |
Distribution |
CA; ID; NV; OR; WA
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AL; AR; AZ; CA; CT; DC; DE; FL; GA; IA; ID; IL; IN; KS; KY; LA; MA; MD; ME; MI; MN; MO; MS; MT; NC; ND; NH; NJ; NM; NY; OH; OK; OR; PA; RI; SC; TN; TX; UT; VA; VT; WA; WI; WV; BC; NB; NF; NS; ON; PE; QC; SPM; s Europe; w Asia; n Africa [Introduced in North America; introduced also in s South America (Argentina, Chile, Uruguay), s Africa, Pacific Islands (New Zealand), Australia]
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Discussion | Trifolium macrocephalum has the largest inflorescences of any clover. Trifolium megacephalum Nuttall (1818) is an illegitimate replacement name for Lupinaster macrocephalum Pursh. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Trifolium arvense is widely distributed throughout the flora area. It was listed among cultivated clovers by F. J. Hermann (1953); J. M. Gillett (1985) expressed doubt that it had been cultivated. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 11. | FNA vol. 11. |
Parent taxa | ||
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | Lupinaster macrocephalum | |
Name authority | (Pursh) Poiret in J. Lamarck et al.: Encycl., suppl. 5: 336. (1817) | Linnaeus: Sp. Pl. 2: 769. (1753) |
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