Trifolium lemmonii |
Trifolium arvense |
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Lemmon's clover |
hare's foot, hare's-foot clover, rabbit's-foot clover, rabbit-foot clover |
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Habit | Herbs perennial, subcaulescent, 10–20 cm, appressed-pubescent. | Herbs annual, 5–30 cm, villous. |
Stems | cespitose, branched. |
erect, branched distally. |
Leaves | palmate; stipules ovate to lanceolate, 0.8–1 cm, margins irregularly lobed, apex acuminate; petiole 1–16.5 cm; petiolules 0.5 mm; leaflets 3–7, blades obovate or elliptic, 0.9–1.9 × 0.5–0.8 cm, base cuneate, veins prominent abaxially, margins coarsely dentate, apex rounded, acute, or mucronate, surfaces strigose. |
palmate; stipules linear-lanceolate to ovate-oblong, 0.5–0.8 cm, margins entire, apex filiform; petiole 0.4–4.5 cm; petiolules 1+ mm; leaflets 3, blades linear-oblong to narrowly elliptic, 1–2 × 0.2–0.5 cm, base cuneate, veins fine, margins denticulate distally, apex mucronate, surfaces hairy. |
Inflorescences | terminal or axillary, 15–30-flowered, globose to subglobose, 2–3 × 2–3 cm; involucres a narrow membranous, dentate rim, to 0.2 mm. |
axillary or terminal, 30–100-flowered, ovoid or cylindric, elongate in fruit, 1–2.3 × 0.9–1.2 cm; involucres absent. |
Peduncles | sharply bent distally, just below flowers, 5–15 cm, surpassing leaves. |
0.5–2.5 cm. |
Pedicels | reflexed in fruit, 2–3 mm; bracteoles minute, cuplike, membranous, minute. |
straight, to 0.5 mm; bracteoles obtuse, to 0.1 mm. |
Flowers | 11–13 mm; calyx purple, campanulate, 3–5 mm, slightly pilose, veins 5 (obscure), tube 2–2.5 mm, lobes subequal, subulate, orifice open; corolla white to pink, 10–12 mm, banner oblong-obovate, 10–12 × 4–5 mm, apex rounded, emarginate. |
5–8 mm; calyx campanulate, 5–8 mm, villous, veins 10, tube 1.2–1.8 mm, lobes purple or pink, subequal, setacous, orifice open, hairy; corolla white to pink, 3–6 mm, much shorter than calyx, banner narrowly ovate-elliptic, 5–5.5 × 1–1.5 mm, apex obtuse. |
Legumes | oblong, 3.2–3.5 mm. |
ovoid, leathery distally, transversely dehiscent, 1.5–2 mm. |
Seeds | 1, dark brown, ellipsoid, 2.5–3 mm, smooth. |
1, yellow, globose, 1 mm, smooth, glossy. |
2n | = 14. |
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Trifolium lemmonii |
Trifolium arvense |
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Phenology | Flowering Jul–Aug. | Flowering Mar–Jun. |
Habitat | Dry, rocky soils, roadsides. | Waste places, roadsides, fields. |
Elevation | 1500–2500 m. (4900–8200 ft.) | 0–1300 m. (0–4300 ft.) |
Distribution |
CA; NV
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AL; AR; AZ; CA; CT; DC; DE; FL; GA; IA; ID; IL; IN; KS; KY; LA; MA; MD; ME; MI; MN; MO; MS; MT; NC; ND; NH; NJ; NM; NY; OH; OK; OR; PA; RI; SC; TN; TX; UT; VA; VT; WA; WI; WV; BC; NB; NF; NS; ON; PE; QC; SPM; s Europe; w Asia; n Africa [Introduced in North America; introduced also in s South America (Argentina, Chile, Uruguay), s Africa, Pacific Islands (New Zealand), Australia]
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Discussion | Populations of Trifolium lemmonii studied by S. J. Sommer (1999) fall into two groups, east (in Sierra County, California, and Washoe County, Nevada) and west (in Plumas County, California) of a gap where no suitable habitat is known; gene flow between these two regions appears to be limited. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Trifolium arvense is widely distributed throughout the flora area. It was listed among cultivated clovers by F. J. Hermann (1953); J. M. Gillett (1985) expressed doubt that it had been cultivated. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 11. | FNA vol. 11. |
Parent taxa | Fabaceae > subfam. Faboideae > Trifolium | Fabaceae > subfam. Faboideae > Trifolium |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | Lupinaster lemmonii | |
Name authority | S. Watson: Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 11: 127. (1876) — (as lemmoni) | Linnaeus: Sp. Pl. 2: 769. (1753) |
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