Trifolium hybridum |
Trifolium retusum |
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Alsike clover |
teasel clover |
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Habit | Herbs perennial, 10–70 cm, glabrous or sparsely hairy. | Herbs annual, 15–40 cm, glabrous. |
Stems | erect or ascending, branched. |
erect or ascending, branched. |
Leaves | palmate; stipules obovate or lanceolate, 1–2.5 cm, margins entire or toothed, apex long-acuminate; petiole 1–21 cm; petiolules 1 mm; leaflets 3, blades usually obovate or ovate, rarely rhombic, 1–4 × 1–2.5 cm, base cuneate, veins prominent, margins sharply serrate, apex broadly acute, obtuse, or emarginate, surfaces glabrous. |
palmate; stipules triangular-lanceolate, 0.7–1.5 cm, margins entire, apex stramineous, subulate; petiole 1.5–5 cm; petiolules 1 mm; leaflets 3, blades obovate, oblong, or elliptic, 0.8–1.8 × 0.4–0.9 cm, base cuneate, veins prominent, margins dentate-spinulose, apex rounded to emarginate, surfaces glabrous. |
Inflorescences | terminal or axillary, 10–70+-flowered, globose to subglobose, 1–2.5 × 1–2.5 cm, rachis not prolonged beyond flowers; involucres absent. |
axillary, 15–30-flowered, globose, 0.8–1 × 0.8–1 cm; involucres absent. |
Peduncles | 2–10 cm. |
0.5–2 cm. |
Pedicels | strongly reflexed, 2–3.5 mm; bracteoles lanceolate, 1 mm. |
recurved in fruit, 1 mm; bracteoles folded, linear-subulate, 4–5 mm. |
Flowers | 8–12 mm; calyx campanulate, 3.5–4 mm, glabrous or sparsely hairy, veins 10, tube 1.5–2 mm, lobes unequal, lanceolate-subulate, orifice open; corolla pale to dark pink, 7–10 mm, banner ovate-oblong, 6.5–10.5 × 4–6 mm, apex rounded-denticulate. |
4–5 mm; calyx obconic, 4–5 mm, glabrous, veins 10, tube 1.3–2.1 mm, lobes unequal, longer than tube, subulate, recurved in fruit, orifice open; corolla white or pink, 3.2–4.5 mm, banner ovate, 3–4 × 1–2 mm, apex acute to rounded, entire to slightly erose distally. |
Legumes | stipitate, ellipsoid, 3–7 mm. |
ovoid-oblong, 4.2–5.5 mm. |
Seeds | 2–4, tan, brown, or red-brown, mitten-shaped, 1–1.4 mm, smooth, dull. |
2, brown, ovoid-reniform, 1 mm, minutely granulose. |
2n | = 16. |
= 16. |
Trifolium hybridum |
Trifolium retusum |
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Phenology | Flowering May–Oct. | Flowering Apr–Jun. |
Habitat | Roadsides, open woods, edges, fields, meadows, waste places. | Roadsides, lawns. |
Elevation | 0–1800 m. (0–5900 ft.) | 100–800 m. (300–2600 ft.) |
Distribution |
AK; AL; AR; AZ; CA; CO; CT; DC; DE; FL; GA; IA; ID; IL; IN; KS; KY; LA; MA; MD; ME; MI; MN; MO; MS; MT; NC; ND; NE; NH; NJ; NM; NV; NY; OH; OK; OR; PA; RI; SC; SD; TN; UT; VA; VT; WA; WI; WV; WY; AB; BC; MB; NB; NL; NS; NT; ON; PE; QC; SK; YT; SPM; Greenland; Europe; w Asia [Introduced in North America; introduced also in South America, Europe, elsewhere in Asia, Africa, Pacific Islands, Australia]
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CA; OR; WA; s Europe; w Asia; introduced also in s Africa; Pacific Islands (New Zealand); Australia [Introduced in North America] |
Discussion | Trifolium hybridum is widely cultivated as a forage crop. It may cause dermatitis in humans (J. W. Hardin and J. M. Arena 1974) and is implicated as a cause of dermatitis and biliary fibrosis in horses (C. Fisher 1995); the connection between the clover and the diseases is inconclusive (P. N. Nation 1989). (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Trifolium retusum is a very recent introduction in the flora area; it is known from relatively few counties in the Pacific Coast states. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 11. | FNA vol. 11. |
Parent taxa | Fabaceae > subfam. Faboideae > Trifolium | Fabaceae > subfam. Faboideae > Trifolium |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | Amoria hybrida, T. elegans | |
Name authority | Linnaeus: Sp. Pl. 2: 766. (1753) | Linnaeus: Demonstr. Pl., 21. (1753) |
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