Trifolium howellii |
Trifolium pinetorum |
|
---|---|---|
canyon clover, Howell's clover |
pine clover, pinewoods clover, woods clover |
|
Habit | Herbs perennial, 30–100 cm, glabrous. | Herbs perennial, 5–30 cm, glabrous or sparsely pilose; rhizomes absent, roots stout, branched. |
Stems | erect, fistulose, unbranched or branched distally. |
prostrate to ascending, branched. |
Leaves | palmate; stipules ovate, 1.5–4.5 cm, margins usually entire, sometimes lobed, apex acuminate; petiole 0.5–20 cm; petiolules 1–1.5 mm; leaflets 3, blades ovate, elliptic, or rhombic, 3.5–9.5 × 2.3–5 cm, base cuneate, veins obscure, margins ± serrate, apex acute, rounded, or obtuse, surfaces glabrous. |
palmate; stipules lanceolate-ovate, 0.7–1.3 cm, margins entire, apex acuminate; petiole 1–8.5 cm; petiolules 1–1.5 mm; leaflets 3, blades oblanceolate or obovate, 0.5–2.9 × 0.4–1.3 cm, base cuneate, veins prominent, margins denticulate to spinulose, apex usually rounded or truncate, sometimes retuse, surfaces glabrous. |
Inflorescences | terminal or axillary, 20–70-flowered, globose or ellipsoid, 2.5–4 × 2–2.5 cm, rachis prolonged beyond flowers, undivided or forked, often bearing sterile flower buds distally; involucres absent. |
axillary or terminal, 10–20-flowered, obconic, globose, or subglobose, 1.7–2.5 × 1.–1.5 cm; involucres broadly campanulate, 6–8 mm, incised ± 3/4 their length, lobes 15–20, linear-lanceolate, entire, acuminate. |
Peduncles | 3–11 cm. |
4–6 cm. |
Pedicels | strongly reflexed in fruit, 1 mm; bracteoles minute, blunt or acute, membranous. |
erect to slightly reflexed, 1–2 mm; bracteoles ovate, 0.5 mm. |
Flowers | 10–14 mm; calyx campanulate, gibbous, 4–5.5 mm, glabrous, veins 10, tube 2–2.5 mm, lobes subequal, linear-lanceolate, orifice open; corolla white, lemon yellow, or greenish yellow, 11–12 mm, banner elliptic-oblong, 11–12 × 4–5 mm, apex obtuse. |
10–16 mm; calyx campanulate, 6–10 mm, glabrous, veins 10, tube 2–2.3 mm, lobes ± equal, subulate, 3–5 mm, orifice open; corolla white to pale purple, keel petals with dark purple-red tips, 11–13 mm, banner oblong, 11–13 × 4–5 mm, apex retuse. |
Legumes | oblong or clavate, 4–5 mm. |
short-stipitate, oblong, 3.5–5 mm. |
Seeds | 1–3, reddish black or brown, angular, mitten-shaped, 2.5 mm, smooth or slightly roughened, dull. |
1 or 2, olive-brown, mottled purple, oblong, 1.5 mm, smooth, semiglossy. |
2n | = 16. |
|
Trifolium howellii |
Trifolium pinetorum |
|
Phenology | Flowering Jun–Jul. | Flowering Jun–Oct. |
Habitat | Wet stream banks, wet meadows, flood plains, shady woodlands, springs, thickets. | Disturbed areas in pine, fir, or spruce forests. |
Elevation | 800–2000 m. (2600–6600 ft.) | 2300–2800 m. (7500–9200 ft.) |
Distribution |
CA; OR
|
AZ; NM; Mexico (Chihuahua)
|
Discussion | Trifolium howellii is known from Del Norte, Humboldt, Siskiyou, and Trinity counties in California, and Clackamas, Douglas, Jackson, Josephine, Klamath, Lane, and Linn counties in Oregon (J. M. Gillett 1972). It has some of the largest leaves of any species of Trifolium in North America. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Trifolium pinetorum is found in Cochise, Coconino, Pima, and Santa Cruz counties in Arizona, and Catron, Grant, Lincoln, and Otero counties in New Mexico, as well as the Sierra Madre in Chihuahua, Mexico. It occupies disturbed areas in pine-fir-spruce forests, and has adapted well to anthropogenic disturbances, such as roadsides and other graded areas (J. M. Gillett 1980). (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 11. | FNA vol. 11. |
Parent taxa | Fabaceae > subfam. Faboideae > Trifolium | Fabaceae > subfam. Faboideae > Trifolium |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | T. longicaule, T. willdenovii var. longicaule, T. wormskioldii var. longicaule | |
Name authority | S. Watson: Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 23: 262. (1888) | Greene: Erythea 2: 182. (1894) |
Web links |