Trifolium howellii |
Trifolium lupinaster |
|
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canyon clover, Howell's clover |
lupine clover |
|
Habit | Herbs perennial, 30–100 cm, glabrous. | Herbs perennial, 15–50 cm, glabrous or curly-pilose. |
Stems | erect, fistulose, unbranched or branched distally. |
erect, unbranched or branched distally. |
Leaves | palmate; stipules ovate, 1.5–4.5 cm, margins usually entire, sometimes lobed, apex acuminate; petiole 0.5–20 cm; petiolules 1–1.5 mm; leaflets 3, blades ovate, elliptic, or rhombic, 3.5–9.5 × 2.3–5 cm, base cuneate, veins obscure, margins ± serrate, apex acute, rounded, or obtuse, surfaces glabrous. |
palmate; stipules adnate entire length of petiole, sheathing, lanceolate-oblong, 0.8–1.3 cm, margins sharply and finely serrate, pilose, apex acute; petiole 0.5–0.7 cm; petiolules 0.5 mm; leaflets (3–)5(–9), blades elliptic to linear-elliptic, 1–4 × 0.3–1.4 cm, base cuneate, veins prominent, cartilagenous, ending in sharp, curved teeth, margins setaceous, apex acute to obtuse, surfaces glabrous except midrib abaxially. |
Inflorescences | terminal or axillary, 20–70-flowered, globose or ellipsoid, 2.5–4 × 2–2.5 cm, rachis prolonged beyond flowers, undivided or forked, often bearing sterile flower buds distally; involucres absent. |
terminal or axillary, 10–30-flowered, hemispheric or globose, 1.7–2.3 × 2.7–3.3 cm; involucres oblique, to 0.5 mm, wavy to toothed. |
Peduncles | 3–11 cm. |
1–5 cm. |
Pedicels | strongly reflexed in fruit, 1 mm; bracteoles minute, blunt or acute, membranous. |
erect or horizontal, 1–3 mm; bracteoles broadly shell-shaped, sometimes connate into lobed ridge, to 0.5 mm. |
Flowers | 10–14 mm; calyx campanulate, gibbous, 4–5.5 mm, glabrous, veins 10, tube 2–2.5 mm, lobes subequal, linear-lanceolate, orifice open; corolla white, lemon yellow, or greenish yellow, 11–12 mm, banner elliptic-oblong, 11–12 × 4–5 mm, apex obtuse. |
11–17 mm; calyx campanulate, oblique, 6–9 mm, glabrous or sparsely hairy distally and along veins, veins 10, tube 3 mm, lobes subequal, pilose, abaxial slightly longer, subulate, orifice open; corolla white to rose-purple, 10–15 mm, banner rolled into open tube, arched upwards distally, 10–15 × 4–5 mm, apex broadly rounded or acute, apiculate. |
Legumes | oblong or clavate, 4–5 mm. |
oblong, 6–8 mm. |
Seeds | 1–3, reddish black or brown, angular, mitten-shaped, 2.5 mm, smooth or slightly roughened, dull. |
3–6, dark brown or gray-brown, globose-reniform, 1.5–2 mm, slightly roughened, dull. |
2n | = 16, 32, 40, 48. |
|
Trifolium howellii |
Trifolium lupinaster |
|
Phenology | Flowering Jun–Jul. | Flowering Jun. |
Habitat | Wet stream banks, wet meadows, flood plains, shady woodlands, springs, thickets. | Forest glades, meadows. |
Elevation | 800–2000 m. (2600–6600 ft.) | 0–400 m. (0–1300 ft.) |
Distribution |
CA; OR
|
AK; Asia (n China, Russia) [Introduced in North America] |
Discussion | Trifolium howellii is known from Del Norte, Humboldt, Siskiyou, and Trinity counties in California, and Clackamas, Douglas, Jackson, Josephine, Klamath, Lane, and Linn counties in Oregon (J. M. Gillett 1972). It has some of the largest leaves of any species of Trifolium in North America. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Populations of Trifolium lupinaster in Alaska appear to have been introduced as a potential forage crop and spread from cultivation (D. F. Murray and H. F. Drury 1974). (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 11. | FNA vol. 11. |
Parent taxa | Fabaceae > subfam. Faboideae > Trifolium | Fabaceae > subfam. Faboideae > Trifolium |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | Lupinaster pentaphyllus, Pentaphyllon lupinaster | |
Name authority | S. Watson: Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 23: 262. (1888) | Linnaeus: Sp. Pl. 2: 766. (1753) |
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