Trifolium howellii |
Trifolium hydrophilum |
|
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canyon clover, Howell's clover |
saline clover, water sack clover |
|
Habit | Herbs perennial, 30–100 cm, glabrous. | Herbs annual, 15–55 cm, glabrous. |
Stems | erect, fistulose, unbranched or branched distally. |
erect, branched. |
Leaves | palmate; stipules ovate, 1.5–4.5 cm, margins usually entire, sometimes lobed, apex acuminate; petiole 0.5–20 cm; petiolules 1–1.5 mm; leaflets 3, blades ovate, elliptic, or rhombic, 3.5–9.5 × 2.3–5 cm, base cuneate, veins obscure, margins ± serrate, apex acute, rounded, or obtuse, surfaces glabrous. |
palmate; stipules ovate-oblong to lanceolate, 0.4–1.3 cm, sheathing proximally, margins entire or serrate, apex acuminate; petiole 3–9 cm; petiolules 0.5 mm; leaflets 3, blades obovate to oblanceolate, 1.2–3 × 0.3–1.4 cm, base cuneate, veins fine, margins serrate, apex rounded or truncate, surfaces glabrous. |
Inflorescences | terminal or axillary, 20–70-flowered, globose or ellipsoid, 2.5–4 × 2–2.5 cm, rachis prolonged beyond flowers, undivided or forked, often bearing sterile flower buds distally; involucres absent. |
axillary or terminal, 5–15-flowered, ellipsoid, 1–1.8 × 1.3–1.5 cm; involucres flattened, 3–4 mm, shallowly incised, lobes 5–8, elliptic, apex rounded to truncate and irregularly erose, not split. |
Peduncles | 3–11 cm. |
3.5–6 cm. |
Pedicels | strongly reflexed in fruit, 1 mm; bracteoles minute, blunt or acute, membranous. |
erect, 1 mm; bracteoles broadly ovate, to 0.5 mm. |
Flowers | 10–14 mm; calyx campanulate, gibbous, 4–5.5 mm, glabrous, veins 10, tube 2–2.5 mm, lobes subequal, linear-lanceolate, orifice open; corolla white, lemon yellow, or greenish yellow, 11–12 mm, banner elliptic-oblong, 11–12 × 4–5 mm, apex obtuse. |
7–11 mm; calyx campanulate-tubular, 2.5–5 mm, glabrous, veins 5, tube 1–2.5 mm, lobes unequal, lanceolate-subulate, orifice open; corolla reddish purple, 7–9 mm, inflated in fruit, banner oblong, 7–9 × 3–4 mm, apex rounded, retuse. |
Legumes | oblong or clavate, 4–5 mm. |
stipitate, ovate-oblong, 4 mm. |
Seeds | 1–3, reddish black or brown, angular, mitten-shaped, 2.5 mm, smooth or slightly roughened, dull. |
1 or 2, red-brown, ovoid-ellipsoid, 2 mm, smooth or papillate. |
Trifolium howellii |
Trifolium hydrophilum |
|
Phenology | Flowering Jun–Jul. | Flowering Apr–May. |
Habitat | Wet stream banks, wet meadows, flood plains, shady woodlands, springs, thickets. | Wet, alkaline soils, salt marshes. |
Elevation | 800–2000 m. (2600–6600 ft.) | 0–300 m. (0–1000 ft.) |
Distribution |
CA; OR
|
CA |
Discussion | Trifolium howellii is known from Del Norte, Humboldt, Siskiyou, and Trinity counties in California, and Clackamas, Douglas, Jackson, Josephine, Klamath, Lane, and Linn counties in Oregon (J. M. Gillett 1972). It has some of the largest leaves of any species of Trifolium in North America. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Trifolium hydrophilum is closely allied to T. depauperatum and is restricted to the Sacramento Valley, northwestern San Joaquin Valley, and central-western California; it grows in moist areas, sometimes in standing water (M. A. Vincent and D. Isely 2012). (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 11. | FNA vol. 11. |
Parent taxa | Fabaceae > subfam. Faboideae > Trifolium | Fabaceae > subfam. Faboideae > Trifolium |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | T. amplectens var. hydrophilum, T. depauperatum var. hydrophilum | |
Name authority | S. Watson: Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 23: 262. (1888) | Greene: Man. Bot. San Francisco, 100. (1894) |
Web links |