Trifolium howellii |
Trifolium glomeratum |
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canyon clover, Howell's clover |
cluster clover |
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Habit | Herbs perennial, 30–100 cm, glabrous. | Herbs annual, 10–30 cm, glabrous. |
Stems | erect, fistulose, unbranched or branched distally. |
procumbent, decumbent, or ascending, branched. |
Leaves | palmate; stipules ovate, 1.5–4.5 cm, margins usually entire, sometimes lobed, apex acuminate; petiole 0.5–20 cm; petiolules 1–1.5 mm; leaflets 3, blades ovate, elliptic, or rhombic, 3.5–9.5 × 2.3–5 cm, base cuneate, veins obscure, margins ± serrate, apex acute, rounded, or obtuse, surfaces glabrous. |
palmate; stipules ovate, 1–1.5 cm, margins entire, apex subulate-setaceous; petiole 0–7 cm; petiolules to 0.5 mm; leaflets 3, blades obovate or obcordate, 0.6–1.5 × 0.4–1 cm, base cuneate, veins thickened distally, margins spinulose-serrate, apex retuse or rounded, surfaces glabrous. |
Inflorescences | terminal or axillary, 20–70-flowered, globose or ellipsoid, 2.5–4 × 2–2.5 cm, rachis prolonged beyond flowers, undivided or forked, often bearing sterile flower buds distally; involucres absent. |
axillary, 30+-flowered, globose, 0.8–1 × 0.8–1 cm; involucres absent. |
Peduncles | 3–11 cm. |
absent or to 0.1 cm. |
Pedicels | strongly reflexed in fruit, 1 mm; bracteoles minute, blunt or acute, membranous. |
straight, to 0.2 mm; bracteoles linear, to 0.5 mm. |
Flowers | 10–14 mm; calyx campanulate, gibbous, 4–5.5 mm, glabrous, veins 10, tube 2–2.5 mm, lobes subequal, linear-lanceolate, orifice open; corolla white, lemon yellow, or greenish yellow, 11–12 mm, banner elliptic-oblong, 11–12 × 4–5 mm, apex obtuse. |
6–8.5 mm; calyx tubular-obconic, 3–4 mm, glabrous, veins 10–12, tube 1.5–2 mm, lobes equal, triangular-ovate, spreading to recurved in fruit, orifice open; corolla pink, 6–8 mm, banner obovate, 6–8 × 1–2 mm, apex acute. |
Legumes | oblong or clavate, 4–5 mm. |
obovoid, 2–3 mm. |
Seeds | 1–3, reddish black or brown, angular, mitten-shaped, 2.5 mm, smooth or slightly roughened, dull. |
2, brown, reniform, 1 mm, tuberculate. |
2n | = 14, 16. |
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Trifolium howellii |
Trifolium glomeratum |
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Phenology | Flowering Jun–Jul. | Flowering May–Jun. |
Habitat | Wet stream banks, wet meadows, flood plains, shady woodlands, springs, thickets. | Roadsides, lawns, thin grasslands. |
Elevation | 800–2000 m. (2600–6600 ft.) | 0–500 m. (0–1600 ft.) |
Distribution |
CA; OR
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AL; CA; OR; SC; TX; BC; Europe; n Africa [Introduced in North America; introduced also in s South America, s Africa, Pacific Islands (New Zealand), Australia]
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Discussion | Trifolium howellii is known from Del Norte, Humboldt, Siskiyou, and Trinity counties in California, and Clackamas, Douglas, Jackson, Josephine, Klamath, Lane, and Linn counties in Oregon (J. M. Gillett 1972). It has some of the largest leaves of any species of Trifolium in North America. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Trifolium glomeratum is cultivated occasionally as a forage crop (F. J. Hermann 1953) and sometimes spreads. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 11. | FNA vol. 11. |
Parent taxa | Fabaceae > subfam. Faboideae > Trifolium | Fabaceae > subfam. Faboideae > Trifolium |
Sibling taxa | ||
Name authority | S. Watson: Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 23: 262. (1888) | Linnaeus: Sp. Pl. 2: 770. (1753) |
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