Trifolium howellii |
Trifolium dichotomum |
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canyon clover, Howell's clover |
branch clover, branch Indian clover, Macrae's clover |
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Habit | Herbs perennial, 30–100 cm, glabrous. | Herbs annual, 15–30 cm, canescent. |
Stems | erect, fistulose, unbranched or branched distally. |
erect, branched from base and distally, or unbranched. |
Leaves | palmate; stipules ovate, 1.5–4.5 cm, margins usually entire, sometimes lobed, apex acuminate; petiole 0.5–20 cm; petiolules 1–1.5 mm; leaflets 3, blades ovate, elliptic, or rhombic, 3.5–9.5 × 2.3–5 cm, base cuneate, veins obscure, margins ± serrate, apex acute, rounded, or obtuse, surfaces glabrous. |
palmate; stipules ovate or elliptic, 0.3–1 cm, margins entire, ciliate, apex acuminate; petiole 0.5–6.5 cm; petiolules 0.5–0.7 mm; leaflets 3, blades obovate or oblanceolate, 0.5–1.5 × 0.2–1.1 cm, base cuneate, veins obscure or slightly thickened, margins dentate, apex rounded or emarginate, surfaces pilose or glabrescent. |
Inflorescences | terminal or axillary, 20–70-flowered, globose or ellipsoid, 2.5–4 × 2–2.5 cm, rachis prolonged beyond flowers, undivided or forked, often bearing sterile flower buds distally; involucres absent. |
terminal or axillary, 15–35-flowered, ovoid-ellipsoid, 1.1–2.2 × 1–1.5 cm; involucres absent. |
Peduncles | 3–11 cm. |
2.5–10 cm. |
Pedicels | strongly reflexed in fruit, 1 mm; bracteoles minute, blunt or acute, membranous. |
absent; bracteoles cuplike, to 0.5 mm. |
Flowers | 10–14 mm; calyx campanulate, gibbous, 4–5.5 mm, glabrous, veins 10, tube 2–2.5 mm, lobes subequal, linear-lanceolate, orifice open; corolla white, lemon yellow, or greenish yellow, 11–12 mm, banner elliptic-oblong, 11–12 × 4–5 mm, apex obtuse. |
10–12 mm; calyx tubular, 4–8 mm, densely pubescent, veins 20–30, tube 2–4 mm, lobes nearly equal, appearing rigidly erect, linear-setaceous, plumose, sinuses acute, orifice open; corolla red-violet to pink, with pink or white tips, 7–12 mm, banner ovate-oblong, 9–11 × 3–4 mm, apex broadly rounded, emarginate. |
Legumes | oblong or clavate, 4–5 mm. |
obovoid, 3–3.5 mm. |
Seeds | 1–3, reddish black or brown, angular, mitten-shaped, 2.5 mm, smooth or slightly roughened, dull. |
1, yellow-brown, ellipsoid, 2–2.5 mm, smooth. |
Trifolium howellii |
Trifolium dichotomum |
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Phenology | Flowering Jun–Jul. | Flowering Apr–May. |
Habitat | Wet stream banks, wet meadows, flood plains, shady woodlands, springs, thickets. | Grassy slopes, meadows, adjacent to chaparral, serpentine soils, coastal dunes, open slopes, meadows, oak woodlands, disturbed areas. |
Elevation | 800–2000 m. (2600–6600 ft.) | 0–1700 m. (0–5600 ft.) |
Distribution |
CA; OR
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CA; OR; WA; BC
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Discussion | Trifolium howellii is known from Del Norte, Humboldt, Siskiyou, and Trinity counties in California, and Clackamas, Douglas, Jackson, Josephine, Klamath, Lane, and Linn counties in Oregon (J. M. Gillett 1972). It has some of the largest leaves of any species of Trifolium in North America. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Trifolium dichotomum is reportedly tetraploid (H. Wexelsen 1928) and closely related to the diploid T. albopurpureum. A so-called small form of T. dichotomum was named T. dichotomum var. turbinatum [T. californicum forma turbinatum (Jepson) McDermott]. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 11. | FNA vol. 11. |
Parent taxa | Fabaceae > subfam. Faboideae > Trifolium | Fabaceae > subfam. Faboideae > Trifolium |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | T. albopurpureum var. dichotomum, T. californicum, T. dichotomum var. turbinatum, T. insularum, T. macraei var. dichotomum, T. petrophilum | |
Name authority | S. Watson: Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 23: 262. (1888) | Hooker & Arnott: Bot. Beechey Voy., 330. (1838) |
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