Trifolium howellii |
Trifolium breweri |
|
---|---|---|
canyon clover, Howell's clover |
Brewer's clover, forest clover |
|
Habit | Herbs perennial, 30–100 cm, glabrous. | Herbs perennial, 5–50 cm, glaucous, sparsely appressed-pubescent. |
Stems | erect, fistulose, unbranched or branched distally. |
erect or ascending, branched. |
Leaves | palmate; stipules ovate, 1.5–4.5 cm, margins usually entire, sometimes lobed, apex acuminate; petiole 0.5–20 cm; petiolules 1–1.5 mm; leaflets 3, blades ovate, elliptic, or rhombic, 3.5–9.5 × 2.3–5 cm, base cuneate, veins obscure, margins ± serrate, apex acute, rounded, or obtuse, surfaces glabrous. |
palmate; stipules lanceolate to narrowly ovate, 0.3–1 cm, margins entire, apex long-acuminate; petiole 0.3–4 cm; petiolules 0.5 mm; leaflets 3, blades obovate to obcordate, 0.3–1.5 × 0.3–1.2 cm, base cuneate, veins thickened, recurved, margins dentate, apex obtuse or emarginate, surfaces sparsely hairy abaxially, glabrous adaxially. |
Inflorescences | terminal or axillary, 20–70-flowered, globose or ellipsoid, 2.5–4 × 2–2.5 cm, rachis prolonged beyond flowers, undivided or forked, often bearing sterile flower buds distally; involucres absent. |
axillary, 5–25-flowered, globose, 1.3–1.5 × 1.3–1.5 cm; involucres absent. |
Peduncles | 3–11 cm. |
geniculate proximal to flowers, inflorescence appearing inverted, 3–5 cm. |
Pedicels | strongly reflexed in fruit, 1 mm; bracteoles minute, blunt or acute, membranous. |
strongly reflexed in fruit, 2–3 mm; bracteoles minute. |
Flowers | 10–14 mm; calyx campanulate, gibbous, 4–5.5 mm, glabrous, veins 10, tube 2–2.5 mm, lobes subequal, linear-lanceolate, orifice open; corolla white, lemon yellow, or greenish yellow, 11–12 mm, banner elliptic-oblong, 11–12 × 4–5 mm, apex obtuse. |
11–13 mm; calyx tubular, 6–8 mm, pilose or glabrous, veins 10, tube 1.5–2 mm, lobes subequal, subulate, orifice open; corolla rose-pink or creamy white, 6–10 mm, banner ovate-oblong, 6–10 × 3 mm, equaling wing and keel petals, apex rounded or emarginate. |
Legumes | oblong or clavate, 4–5 mm. |
short-stipitate, ovoid-ellipsoid, 7–10 mm. |
Seeds | 1–3, reddish black or brown, angular, mitten-shaped, 2.5 mm, smooth or slightly roughened, dull. |
1 or 2, brown, ovoid-ellipsoid, 2.5–3 mm, smooth. |
2n | = 16. |
|
Trifolium howellii |
Trifolium breweri |
|
Phenology | Flowering Jun–Jul. | Flowering May–Aug. |
Habitat | Wet stream banks, wet meadows, flood plains, shady woodlands, springs, thickets. | Wooded areas, roadsides, mixed evergreen or pine forests. |
Elevation | 800–2000 m. (2600–6600 ft.) | 1000–2200 m. (3300–7200 ft.) |
Distribution |
CA; OR
|
CA; OR; Mexico (Baja California)
|
Discussion | Trifolium howellii is known from Del Norte, Humboldt, Siskiyou, and Trinity counties in California, and Clackamas, Douglas, Jackson, Josephine, Klamath, Lane, and Linn counties in Oregon (J. M. Gillett 1972). It has some of the largest leaves of any species of Trifolium in North America. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Trifolium breweri, which ranges from Madera County, California, northward to Josephine County, Oregon, is also reported from Baja California, Mexico. It was considered by J. S. Martin (1943) to be remarkably morphologically uniform; F. E. Clements (1920) termed it a foundational species in the Sierran Montane Forest Pinus Association climax formation. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 11. | FNA vol. 11. |
Parent taxa | Fabaceae > subfam. Faboideae > Trifolium | Fabaceae > subfam. Faboideae > Trifolium |
Sibling taxa | ||
Name authority | S. Watson: Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 23: 262. (1888) | S. Watson: Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 11: 131. (1876) |
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