Trifolium hirtum |
Trifolium trichocalyx |
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rose clover |
Monterey clover |
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Habit | Herbs annual, 10–35 cm, densely spreading-hairy. | Herbs annual, 5–45 cm, sparsely villous to glabrescent. |
Stems | curved-ascending, branched. |
prostrate, decumbent, or erect, branched. |
Leaves | palmate; stipules lanceolate-ovate, 0.8–1.8 cm, margins entire, apex long-setaceous; petiole 0.5–5 cm; petiolules 0.5 mm; leaflets 3, blades obovate to oblong, 0.8–2.5 × 0.5–1.3 cm, base cuneate, veins prominent, closely-spaced, margins denticulate distally, apex rounded, surfaces densely spreading-hairy. |
palmate; stipules ovate, 0.4–1.2 cm, margins serrate-lacerate, apex acuminate; petiole 1–4 cm; petiolules 0.5 mm; leaflets 3, blades obovate, 0.5–1.5 × 0.4–1 cm, base cuneate, veins moderately prominent, margins denticulate, apex truncate, retuse, or mucronulate, surfaces glabrescent. |
Inflorescences | terminal on branches, 10–50-flowered, globose or ovoid, disarticulating in fruit, 1.5–2.5 × 1.5–2.5 cm; involucres absent, involucrelike structures formed by enlarged stipules. |
axillary or terminal, 2–15-flowered, subglobose, 1.5–1.8 × 0.5–1.5 cm; involucres flattened or vase-shaped, 1–3 mm, when folded, not hiding flowers except proximally, incised 2/3–3/4 their length, lobes 5–15, linear-lanceolate, entire, acuminate. |
Peduncles | absent. |
1.5–4 cm. |
Pedicels | absent; bracteoles absent. |
erect, 1.5 mm; bracteoles absent. |
Flowers | 10–17 mm; calyx campanulate, 7–11 mm, pilose, veins 20, tube 2–5 mm, lobes subequal, abaxial slightly longer, orifice hairy, open; corolla purplish red, 10–14 mm, banner lanceolate, 10–14 × 1–2 mm, apex acute-acuminate. |
8–11 mm; calyx campanulate-tubular, not slit between adaxial lobes, 6–9 mm, usually densely pubescent, rarely sparsely so, veins 10, tube 2.5–4.5 mm, lobes unequal, lanceolate-subulate, orifice open; corolla light purple with darker purple keel petals, 6–10 mm, banner narrowly obovate, 4–5 × 1 mm, apex retuse. |
Legumes | ovoid, leathery distally, transversely dehiscent, 2–3 mm. |
sessile, oblong, 5 mm. |
Seeds | 1, tan or brown, globose-ellipsoid, 1.5–2 mm, smooth, glossy. |
3–6(–9), pale brown, mottled purple, globose to mitten-shaped, 0.8–1 mm, smooth to slightly roughened, semiglossy. |
2n | = 10. |
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Trifolium hirtum |
Trifolium trichocalyx |
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Phenology | Flowering Apr–Jun. | Flowering Apr–May. |
Habitat | Fields, roadsides. | Sandy, rich soils in open Monterey pine forests, often after fire. |
Elevation | 0–2100 m. (0–6900 ft.) | 0–50 m. (0–200 ft.) |
Distribution |
AL; CA; FL; LA; NC; OR; TN; VA; s Europe; w Asia; n Africa [Introduced in North America; introduced also in s Africa, Pacific Islands (New Zealand), Australia]
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CA |
Discussion | Trifolium hirtum was first cultivated in California in the 1940s as a forage plant and as a nitrogen source in roadside grass plantings (R. M. Love 1985); it is now widespread in that state. It was reported for Kentucky by D. Isely (1998); no non-cultivated specimens have been seen from that state (M. A. Vincent 2001). (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Trifolium trichocalyx is an extremely rare species known only from Mendocino and Monterey counties. D. I. Axelrod (1982) suggested that T. trichocalyx might have originated as a hybrid between T. microcephalum and T. variegatum, but this is not supported by molecular studies (N. W. Ellison et al. 2006). It appears to be fire-adapted and appeared in large numbers shortly after a fire in 1987 (U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service 2004). (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 11. | FNA vol. 11. |
Parent taxa | Fabaceae > subfam. Faboideae > Trifolium | Fabaceae > subfam. Faboideae > Trifolium |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | T. oliganthum var. trichocalyx | |
Name authority | Allioni: Auct. Fl. Pedem., 20. (1789) | A. Heller: Muhlenbergia 1: 55. (1904) |
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