Trifolium hirtum |
Trifolium resupinatum |
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rose clover |
Persian clover, reversed clover |
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Habit | Herbs annual, 10–35 cm, densely spreading-hairy. | Herbs annual, 20–60 cm, glabrous or glabrescent. |
Stems | curved-ascending, branched. |
ascending, erect, or procumbent, branched. |
Leaves | palmate; stipules lanceolate-ovate, 0.8–1.8 cm, margins entire, apex long-setaceous; petiole 0.5–5 cm; petiolules 0.5 mm; leaflets 3, blades obovate to oblong, 0.8–2.5 × 0.5–1.3 cm, base cuneate, veins prominent, closely-spaced, margins denticulate distally, apex rounded, surfaces densely spreading-hairy. |
palmate; stipules lanceolate or ovate, 0.5–1.8 cm, margins entire, apex acuminate-filiform; petiole 0.5–20 cm; petiolules to 1 mm; leaflets 3, blades obovate, ovate, elliptic, or rhombic, 1–3 × 0.5–3 cm, base cuneate, veins moderately prominent, margins spinulose-dentate, apex rounded or broadly acute, surfaces hairy abaxially, glabrous adaxially. |
Inflorescences | terminal on branches, 10–50-flowered, globose or ovoid, disarticulating in fruit, 1.5–2.5 × 1.5–2.5 cm; involucres absent, involucrelike structures formed by enlarged stipules. |
axillary, 15–30-flowered, subglobose to globose, flowers resupinate, forming stellate-spreading clusters in fruit, 0.5–1.6 × 0.8–1.5 cm; involucres a narrow rim, 0.2 mm. |
Peduncles | absent. |
1–6 cm. |
Pedicels | absent; bracteoles absent. |
slightly reflexed, to 0.5 mm; bracteoles minute or absent. |
Flowers | 10–17 mm; calyx campanulate, 7–11 mm, pilose, veins 20, tube 2–5 mm, lobes subequal, abaxial slightly longer, orifice hairy, open; corolla purplish red, 10–14 mm, banner lanceolate, 10–14 × 1–2 mm, apex acute-acuminate. |
5–6 mm; calyx tubular-campanulate, inflated in fruit, markedly asymmetric-bilabiate, slit between adaxial lobes, 2.5–3 mm, 8–11 mm in fruit, hairy, short-hairy or glabrescent in fruit, veins 10, connected by lateral veins, tube 2 mm, 7–9 mm in fruit, lobes green, erect, unequal, triangular, divergent, linear-lanceolate, unequal in fruit, orifice open; corolla pink to purple, 5–8 mm, banner oblong, 5–8 × 2 mm, apex emarginate to crenulate. |
Legumes | ovoid, leathery distally, transversely dehiscent, 2–3 mm. |
lenticular, 1.8–2.2 mm. |
Seeds | 1, tan or brown, globose-ellipsoid, 1.5–2 mm, smooth, glossy. |
1, ovoid, dark purple, olive green, yellow, or reddish brown, 1.5–1.9 mm, smooth, dull. |
2n | = 10. |
= 14, 16, 32. |
Trifolium hirtum |
Trifolium resupinatum |
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Phenology | Flowering Apr–Jun. | Flowering Mar–May. |
Habitat | Fields, roadsides. | Wet meadows, lawns, roadsides, fields, waste places. |
Elevation | 0–2100 m. (0–6900 ft.) | 0–700 m. (0–2300 ft.) |
Distribution |
AL; CA; FL; LA; NC; OR; TN; VA; s Europe; w Asia; n Africa [Introduced in North America; introduced also in s Africa, Pacific Islands (New Zealand), Australia]
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AL; AR; CA; DC; FL; GA; IA; IL; IN; KS; KY; LA; MA; MD; MO; MS; NC; ND; OH; OK; OR; PA; SC; SD; TN; TX; VA; VT; WA; WI; WV; ON; c Europe; s Europe; sw Asia; n Africa; introduced also in s South America (Argentina, Uruguay); s Africa; Pacific Islands (Hawaii, New Zealand); Australia [Introduced in North America]
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Discussion | Trifolium hirtum was first cultivated in California in the 1940s as a forage plant and as a nitrogen source in roadside grass plantings (R. M. Love 1985); it is now widespread in that state. It was reported for Kentucky by D. Isely (1998); no non-cultivated specimens have been seen from that state (M. A. Vincent 2001). (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Widespread use of Trifolium resupinatum as a forage crop began in the late 1920s, after it began to flourish in Louisiana following a flood of the Mississippi River (E. A. Hollowell 1943). It is used in the southern United States as a pasture plant and for production of hay, and has spread widely from cultivation. Reports of Trifolium resupinatum for New Brunswick and Quebec are based on old collections; since the species has not been recollected for many years in either province, they are excluded here. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 11. | FNA vol. 11. |
Parent taxa | Fabaceae > subfam. Faboideae > Trifolium | Fabaceae > subfam. Faboideae > Trifolium |
Sibling taxa | ||
Name authority | Allioni: Auct. Fl. Pedem., 20. (1789) | Linnaeus: Sp. Pl. 2: 771. (1753) |
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