Trifolium haydenii |
Trifolium hybridum |
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Hayden's clover |
Alsike clover |
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Habit | Herbs perennial, 5–10 cm, glabrous. | Herbs perennial, 10–70 cm, glabrous or sparsely hairy. |
Stems | ascending, cespitose, short-branched. |
erect or ascending, branched. |
Leaves | mostly basal, palmate; stipules lanceolate, 0.4–0.8 cm, margins entire or lobed, apex acute or acuminate; petiole 1–6 cm; petiolules to 0.5 mm; leaflets 3, blades broadly ovate, 0.4–2 × 0.3–1.5 cm, base cuneate, veins thickened distally, ± straight, sometimes arching distally, 0.5+ mm apart, 5–10 pairs of primary veins, margins sharply antrorse-serrate, apex acute, short-apiculate, surfaces glabrous. |
palmate; stipules obovate or lanceolate, 1–2.5 cm, margins entire or toothed, apex long-acuminate; petiole 1–21 cm; petiolules 1 mm; leaflets 3, blades usually obovate or ovate, rarely rhombic, 1–4 × 1–2.5 cm, base cuneate, veins prominent, margins sharply serrate, apex broadly acute, obtuse, or emarginate, surfaces glabrous. |
Inflorescences | terminal, 5–20-flowered, erect, globose or subglobose, 0.5–1.5 × 0.8–2.5 cm, rachis prolonged beyond flowers, undivided or forked, often bearing sterile flower buds distally; involucres a narrow, membranous, dentate rim, 0.5 mm. |
terminal or axillary, 10–70+-flowered, globose to subglobose, 1–2.5 × 1–2.5 cm, rachis not prolonged beyond flowers; involucres absent. |
Peduncles | straight distally, proximal to inflorescence, 5–8 cm. |
2–10 cm. |
Pedicels | strongly reflexed, 1.5 mm; bracteoles broadly ovate, truncate, membranous, to 0.5 mm. |
strongly reflexed, 2–3.5 mm; bracteoles lanceolate, 1 mm. |
Flowers | 13–17 mm; calyx campanulate, 4.5–6.5 mm, glabrous, veins 10 (5 sometimes faint), tube 2–3 mm, lobes subequal, narrowly triangular-subulate, equaling tube, orifice open; corolla salmon, buff-pink, or pink, with white or cream tips, 13–17 mm, banner broadly elliptic-oblong, 13–17 × 6–8 mm, apex rounded, retuse or slightly apiculate. |
8–12 mm; calyx campanulate, 3.5–4 mm, glabrous or sparsely hairy, veins 10, tube 1.5–2 mm, lobes unequal, lanceolate-subulate, orifice open; corolla pale to dark pink, 7–10 mm, banner ovate-oblong, 6.5–10.5 × 4–6 mm, apex rounded-denticulate. |
Legumes | stipitate, obovoid-oblong, 6–7 mm. |
stipitate, ellipsoid, 3–7 mm. |
Seeds | 1–4, brown, lenticular-ovoid, 2.5–3 mm, smooth. |
2–4, tan, brown, or red-brown, mitten-shaped, 1–1.4 mm, smooth, dull. |
2n | = 16. |
= 16. |
Trifolium haydenii |
Trifolium hybridum |
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Phenology | Flowering Jun–Aug. | Flowering May–Oct. |
Habitat | Alpine and subalpine slopes. | Roadsides, open woods, edges, fields, meadows, waste places. |
Elevation | 2200–3800 m. (7200–12500 ft.) | 0–1800 m. (0–5900 ft.) |
Distribution |
ID; MT; WY
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AK; AL; AR; AZ; CA; CO; CT; DC; DE; FL; GA; IA; ID; IL; IN; KS; KY; LA; MA; MD; ME; MI; MN; MO; MS; MT; NC; ND; NE; NH; NJ; NM; NV; NY; OH; OK; OR; PA; RI; SC; SD; TN; UT; VA; VT; WA; WI; WV; WY; AB; BC; MB; NB; NL; NS; NT; ON; PE; QC; SK; YT; SPM; Greenland; Europe; w Asia [Introduced in North America; introduced also in South America, Europe, elsewhere in Asia, Africa, Pacific Islands, Australia]
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Discussion | Trifolium haydenii, which is found in east-central Idaho, southwestern Montana, and northwestern Wyoming, appears related to T. kingii, T. productum, and similar species (J. M. Gillett 1972) and is sometimes confused with T. latifolium (Gillett 1969), from which it differs by the absence of hairs. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Trifolium hybridum is widely cultivated as a forage crop. It may cause dermatitis in humans (J. W. Hardin and J. M. Arena 1974) and is implicated as a cause of dermatitis and biliary fibrosis in horses (C. Fisher 1995); the connection between the clover and the diseases is inconclusive (P. N. Nation 1989). (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 11. | FNA vol. 11. |
Parent taxa | Fabaceae > subfam. Faboideae > Trifolium | Fabaceae > subfam. Faboideae > Trifolium |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | T. idahoense | Amoria hybrida, T. elegans |
Name authority | Porter in F. V. Hayden: Prelim. Rep. U.S. Geol. Surv. Montana, 480. (1872) — (as haydeni) | Linnaeus: Sp. Pl. 2: 766. (1753) |
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