Trifolium gymnocarpon |
Trifolium ciliolatum |
|
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hollyleaf clover, Nuttall's clover |
foothill clover, tree clover |
|
Habit | Herbs perennial, 2–15 cm, pubescent. | Herbs annual, 5–50 cm, glabrous or sparsely hairy. |
Stems | cespitose, numerous, short, branched from woody crown. |
erect, branched. |
Leaves | palmate; stipules ovate to lanceolate, 0.5–1.5 cm, margins entire or irregularly dentate, apex acute to acuminate; petiole 1.5–10 cm; petiolules to 0.5 mm; leaflets 3–5, blades ovate, obovate, oblong, or elliptic, 0.8–3 × 0.2–1.8 cm, base cuneate, veins thickened distally, margins spinose-dentate, apex rounded or acute, surfaces usually pubescent, sometimes glabrous adaxially. |
palmate; stipules ovate-lanceolate, 1–1.5 cm, margins entire, sometimes ciliate, apex acuminate; petiole 1–13 cm; petiolules 0.5 mm; leaflets 3, blades elliptic to oblong or obovate, 0.8–3.5 × 0.5–1.5 cm, base cuneate, veins thickened, margins serrate proximally, obscurely denticulate distally, apex usually rounded or retuse, rarely acute, surfaces glabrous. |
Inflorescences | terminal, 6–15-flowered, subglobose, 1–2 × 1.3–2.4 cm; involucres a narrow, membranous, dentate rim, 0.5 mm. |
axillary or terminal, 10–30-flowered, ovoid to subglobose, 0.7–2.2 × 0.5–2 cm; involucres a narrow rim, 0.5 mm, membranous, dentate. |
Peduncles | 1–6.5 cm, ± surpassing leaves, not bent distally. |
2.5–12 cm. |
Pedicels | erect, those of proximal flowers sometimes reflexed, 1–4 mm; bracteoles ovate-triangular, to 0.8 mm. |
erect becoming reflexed, 0.5–6 mm; bracteoles linear or cup-shaped, to 1 mm. |
Flowers | 7.5–13 mm; calyx tubular-campanulate, 4–7.5 mm, strigose, veins 10, tube 2–3 mm, lobes subequal, narrowly triangular, orifice open; corolla pink-purple, often with whitish tips, sometimes nearly wholly whitish, 7–12 mm, banner oblong, 7–14 × 5–7 mm, apex rounded, usually retuse. |
6–13 mm; calyx broadly campanulate, 5–11 mm, glabrous, veins 10, tube 1–5 mm, lobes unequal, elliptic to linear, margins hyaline, dentate or pectinate, ciliate, sinuses narrow, orifice open; corolla white, pink, or purple, 5–13 mm, banner broadly ovate, 6–13 × 4–7 mm, apex rounded, apiculate. |
Legumes | ovoid, 4–5 mm. |
short-stipitate, ovoid, 5–10 mm. |
Seeds | 1, tan to brown, mitten-shaped, 3–4.5 mm, roughened. |
1 or 2, brown, mottled, ovoid, 2.5–3 mm, smooth. |
2n | = 16. |
|
Trifolium gymnocarpon |
Trifolium ciliolatum |
|
Phenology | Flowering Apr–Jun. | Flowering Apr–Jun. |
Habitat | Rocky slopes, clay or gumbo soils on plains. | Oak-pine chaparral, meadows, roadsides. |
Elevation | 1500–3500 m. (4900–11500 ft.) | 0–1500 m. (0–4900 ft.) |
Distribution |
AZ; CA; CO; ID; MT; NM; NV; OR; UT; WY
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CA; OR; WA; Mexico (Baja California)
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Discussion | Two loosely differentiated varieties or subspecies of Trifolium gymnocarpon have sometimes been recognized: var. plummerae with three to five adaxially pilose leaflets, and var. gymnocarpon with three adaxially glabrous leaflets (J. M. Gillett 1972; D. Isely 1998). There is considerable overlap among characters, and other authors have rejected the distinction (M. Zohary and D. Heller 1984; R. C. Barneby 1989). (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Trifolium ciliolatum is relatively widespread in California and is found in scattered sites in Baja California, Oregon, and Washington. Trifolium ciliatum Nuttall (1848), which pertains here, is a later homonym of T. ciliatum E. D. Clarke (1813). (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 11. | FNA vol. 11. |
Parent taxa | ||
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | T. gymnocarpon var. plummerae, T. gymnocarpon var. subcaulescens, T. nemorale, T. plummerae, T. subcaulescens | T. ciliatum var. discolor |
Name authority | Nuttall in J. Torrey and A. Gray: Fl. N. Amer. 1: 320. (1838) | Bentham: Pl. Hartw., 304. (1849) |
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