Trifolium fucatum |
Trifolium willdenovii |
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bull clover, sour clover |
sand clover, thimble clover, tomcat clover, Willdenow's clover |
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Habit | Herbs annual, 10–80 cm, glabrous or glabrescent. | Herbs annual, 10–60 cm, glabrous. |
Stems | erect or ascending, unbranched or densely dichotomously branched. |
erect, branched. |
Leaves | palmate; stipules ovate or lanceolate, 1–3 cm, margins entire or toothed, apex usually acuminate, sometimes 2-fid; petiole 3–15 cm; petiolules 1–1.5 mm; leaflets 3, blades broadly obovate, orbiculate, or rhombic-obovate, 0.8–4 × 0.7–3 cm, base broadly cuneate, veins obscure, thickened near leaflet margin, margins remotely dentate to densely serrulate-dentate, apex rounded or slightly retuse, surfaces glabrous or glabrate. |
palmate; stipules lanceolate or ovate, 1–2 cm, margins dentate or lacerate, apex acuminate; petiole 1–8 cm; petiolules 0.5 mm; leaflets 3, blades linear, lanceolate, or elliptic, 1–5 × 0.2–1.5 cm, base cuneate, veins fine, margins serrate, apex acute, blunt, or retuse, surfaces glabrous. |
Inflorescences | terminal or axillary, 10–30-flowered, subglobose or globose, 1–4 × 1–4 cm; involucres broadly bowl-shaped, 4–15 mm, lobes 3–8, lanceolate, acuminate, undivided or 2- or 3-fid. |
axillary or terminal, 10–50-flowered, globose or ovoid, 1–3.5 × 1–3 cm; involucres flattened or bowl-shaped, 3–9 mm, when folded, not hiding flowers except proximally, incised 1/4–1/3 their length. |
Peduncles | 3–13 cm. |
2–15 cm. |
Pedicels | straight, 1 mm; bracteoles distinct or connate, broadly ovate, 1 mm. |
erect, 0.5 mm; bracteoles absent. |
Flowers | 10–27 mm; calyx campanulate, 3–8 mm, glabrous, veins 10, tube 1.5–2.5 mm, lobes 5–10, unequal, undivided or 3-fid, long-acuminate, orifice open; corolla creamy white to yellow, pink to purple in age, keel petals rarely dark purple, 10–27 mm, banner broadly ovate, inflated in fruit, not distally twisted, 10–27 × 6–15 mm, apex rounded, erose. |
12–20 mm; calyx tubular-campanulate, slit between adaxial lobes, 6–9 mm, glabrous, veins 10–15, tube 3–7 mm, lobes unequal, triangular or subulate, usually 3-fid or shouldered below apex, orifice open; corolla usually white with purple spot, sometimes lavender or pink or all white, 10–18 mm, banner narrowly oblong, 12–20 × 3–4 mm, apex obtuse or retuse. |
Legumes | stipitate, linear, 7–8 mm. |
ellipsoid, 3 mm. |
Seeds | 3–8, gray, mottled, globose, 1.6–2 mm, reticulate. |
1 or 2, yellow, mottled, globose-ellipsoid, 1.5–2.5 mm, smooth. |
2n | = 16. |
= 16. |
Trifolium fucatum |
Trifolium willdenovii |
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Phenology | Flowering Apr–Jun. | Flowering Mar–Jul. |
Habitat | Moist places, meadows, roadsides. | Roadsides, meadows, lawns, hillsides, stream margins, open oak chaparral. |
Elevation | 0–1000 m. (0–3300 ft.) | 0–2500 m. (0–8200 ft.) |
Distribution |
CA; OR; WA [Introduced in Asia (China, Japan)]
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AZ; CA; ID; OR; WA; BC; Mexico (Baja California)
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Discussion | Trifolium fucatum is known as an invasive species in Japan (T. Mito and T. Uesugi 2004) and has also been introduced in China (specimen at BM). A single old collection exists from British Columbia, but the species has not been collected in that province again. The Michigan record of the species is an inadvertent waif. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Trifolium willdenovii was described by M. Zohary and D. Heller (1984) as one of the most variable clover species in North America. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 11. | FNA vol. 11. |
Parent taxa | Fabaceae > subfam. Faboideae > Trifolium | Fabaceae > subfam. Faboideae > Trifolium |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | T. flavulum, T. fucatum var. flavulum, T. fucatum var. gambelii, T. fucatum var. virescens, T. gambelii, T. physopetalum, T. virescens | T. involucratum, T. aciculare, T. nuttallii, T. scabrellum, T. segetum, T. tridentatum, T. tridentatum var. aciculare, T. tridentatum var. scabrellum, T. tridentatum var. segetum, T. tridentatum var. watsonii, T. trimorphum, T. watsonii |
Name authority | Lindley: Edwards’s Bot. Reg. 22: plate 1883. (1836) | Sprengel: Syst. Veg. 3: 208. (1826) |
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