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bull clover, sour clover

clammy clover, creek clover

Habit Herbs annual, 10–80 cm, glabrous or glabrescent. Herbs annual, 2–100 cm, resinous stipitate-glandular.
Stems

erect or ascending, unbranched or densely dichotomously branched.

erect or ascending, branched.

Leaves

palmate;

stipules ovate or lanceolate, 1–3 cm, margins entire or toothed, apex usually acuminate, sometimes 2-fid;

petiole 3–15 cm;

petiolules 1–1.5 mm;

leaflets 3, blades broadly obovate, orbiculate, or rhombic-obovate, 0.8–4 × 0.7–3 cm, base broadly cuneate, veins obscure, thickened near leaflet margin, margins remotely dentate to densely serrulate-dentate, apex rounded or slightly retuse, surfaces glabrous or glabrate.

palmate;

stipules ovate, 1–1.5 cm, sheathing, margins deeply lacerate, apex acuminate;

petiole 1.5–10 cm;

petiolules to 0.5 mm;

leaflets 3, blades elliptic, lanceolate, oblanceolate, rhombic, or obovate, 1.5–4 × 0.3–1.7 cm, base cuneate, veins thickened, margins coarsely spinulose-serrate, apex acute, mucronate, surfaces glandular.

Inflorescences

terminal or axillary, 10–30-flowered, subglobose or globose, 1–4 × 1–4 cm;

involucres broadly bowl-shaped, 4–15 mm, lobes 3–8, lanceolate, acuminate, undivided or 2- or 3-fid.

axillary or terminal, 10–50-flowered, globose or ovoid, 1–3.5 × 1–3 cm;

involucres flattened or bowl-shaped, 3–8 mm, when folded, not hiding flowers except proximally, incised 1/4–1/3 their length.

Peduncles

3–13 cm.

3–15 cm, glandular.

Pedicels

straight, 1 mm;

bracteoles distinct or connate, broadly ovate, 1 mm.

erect, 1 mm;

bracteoles absent.

Flowers

10–27 mm;

calyx campanulate, 3–8 mm, glabrous, veins 10, tube 1.5–2.5 mm, lobes 5–10, unequal, undivided or 3-fid, long-acuminate, orifice open;

corolla creamy white to yellow, pink to purple in age, keel petals rarely dark purple, 10–27 mm, banner broadly ovate, inflated in fruit, not distally twisted, 10–27 × 6–15 mm, apex rounded, erose.

13–20 mm;

calyx tubular-campanulate, slit between adaxial lobes, 10–13 mm, glandular, veins 20+, tube 5–7 mm, lobes unequal, narrowly triangular or lanceolate-subulate, usually entire, rarely 3-fid or shouldered below apex, orifice open;

corolla white or pale pinkish with dark purple spot, 10–18 mm, banner broadly elliptic, 10–18 × 2–4 mm, apex blunt.

Legumes

stipitate, linear, 7–8 mm.

obovoid, 3.5–4 mm.

Seeds

3–8, gray, mottled, globose, 1.6–2 mm, reticulate.

1 or 2, brown, mottled, ellipsoid or mitten-shaped, 2.5 mm, smooth.

2n

= 16.

= 16.

Trifolium fucatum

Trifolium obtusiflorum

Phenology Flowering Apr–Jun. Flowering Apr–Jul.
Habitat Moist places, meadows, road­sides. Moist swales, creek bottoms.
Elevation 0–1000 m. (0–3300 ft.) 0–1600 m. (0–5200 ft.)
Distribution
from FNA
CA; OR; WA [Introduced in Asia (China, Japan)]
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
from FNA
CA; OR; Mexico (Baja California, Sinaloa)
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

Trifolium fucatum is known as an invasive species in Japan (T. Mito and T. Uesugi 2004) and has also been introduced in China (specimen at BM). A single old collection exists from British Columbia, but the species has not been collected in that province again. The Michigan record of the species is an inadvertent waif.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Trifolium obtusiflorum is much less common than the similar T. willdenovii, occurring in moist areas in cismontane California and north into Oregon (W. L. Jepson [1923–1925]). It is easy to distinguish from T. willdenovii by its glandularity, which causes fresh specimens to be sticky to the touch.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Source FNA vol. 11. FNA vol. 11.
Parent taxa Fabaceae > subfam. Faboideae > Trifolium Fabaceae > subfam. Faboideae > Trifolium
Sibling taxa
T. albopurpureum, T. alexandrinum, T. amoenum, T. amphianthum, T. andersonii, T. andinum, T. angustifolium, T. appendiculatum, T. arvense, T. attenuatum, T. aureum, T. barbigerum, T. barnebyi, T. beckwithii, T. bejariense, T. bifidum, T. bolanderi, T. brandegeei, T. breweri, T. buckwestiorum, T. calcaricum, T. campestre, T. carolinianum, T. cernuum, T. ciliolatum, T. columbinum, T. cyathiferum, T. dasyphyllum, T. dedeckerae, T. depauperatum, T. dichotomum, T. douglasii, T. dubium, T. echinatum, T. eriocephalum, T. fragiferum, T. friscanum, T. glomeratum, T. gracilentum, T. grayi, T. gymnocarpon, T. haydenii, T. hirtum, T. howellii, T. hybridum, T. hydrophilum, T. incarnatum, T. jokerstii, T. kentuckiense, T. kingii, T. lappaceum, T. latifolium, T. leibergii, T. lemmonii, T. longipes, T. lupinaster, T. macilentum, T. macraei, T. macrocephalum, T. medium, T. microcephalum, T. microdon, T. monanthum, T. mucronatum, T. nanum, T. nigrescens, T. obtusiflorum, T. oliganthum, T. ornithopodioides, T. owyheense, T. palmeri, T. parryi, T. pinetorum, T. piorkowskii, T. plumosum, T. polyodon, T. pratense, T. productum, T. reflexum, T. repens, T. resupinatum, T. retusum, T. rollinsii, T. siskiyouense, T. sonorense, T. stoloniferum, T. striatum, T. subterraneum, T. suffocatum, T. thompsonii, T. tomentosum, T. trichocalyx, T. variegatum, T. vesiculosum, T. virginicum, T. willdenovii, T. wormskioldii
T. albopurpureum, T. alexandrinum, T. amoenum, T. amphianthum, T. andersonii, T. andinum, T. angustifolium, T. appendiculatum, T. arvense, T. attenuatum, T. aureum, T. barbigerum, T. barnebyi, T. beckwithii, T. bejariense, T. bifidum, T. bolanderi, T. brandegeei, T. breweri, T. buckwestiorum, T. calcaricum, T. campestre, T. carolinianum, T. cernuum, T. ciliolatum, T. columbinum, T. cyathiferum, T. dasyphyllum, T. dedeckerae, T. depauperatum, T. dichotomum, T. douglasii, T. dubium, T. echinatum, T. eriocephalum, T. fragiferum, T. friscanum, T. fucatum, T. glomeratum, T. gracilentum, T. grayi, T. gymnocarpon, T. haydenii, T. hirtum, T. howellii, T. hybridum, T. hydrophilum, T. incarnatum, T. jokerstii, T. kentuckiense, T. kingii, T. lappaceum, T. latifolium, T. leibergii, T. lemmonii, T. longipes, T. lupinaster, T. macilentum, T. macraei, T. macrocephalum, T. medium, T. microcephalum, T. microdon, T. monanthum, T. mucronatum, T. nanum, T. nigrescens, T. oliganthum, T. ornithopodioides, T. owyheense, T. palmeri, T. parryi, T. pinetorum, T. piorkowskii, T. plumosum, T. polyodon, T. pratense, T. productum, T. reflexum, T. repens, T. resupinatum, T. retusum, T. rollinsii, T. siskiyouense, T. sonorense, T. stoloniferum, T. striatum, T. subterraneum, T. suffocatum, T. thompsonii, T. tomentosum, T. trichocalyx, T. variegatum, T. vesiculosum, T. virginicum, T. willdenovii, T. wormskioldii
Synonyms T. flavulum, T. fucatum var. flavulum, T. fucatum var. gambelii, T. fucatum var. virescens, T. gambelii, T. physopetalum, T. virescens T. majus, T. roscidum, T. tridentatum var. obtusiflorum
Name authority Lindley: Edwards’s Bot. Reg. 22: plate 1883. (1836) Hooker: Bot. Beechey Voy., 331. (1838)
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