Trifolium fucatum |
Trifolium microdon |
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bull clover, sour clover |
thimble clover, Valparaiso clover |
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Habit | Herbs annual, 10–80 cm, glabrous or glabrescent. | Herbs annual, 6–35 cm, villous or glabrous. |
Stems | erect or ascending, unbranched or densely dichotomously branched. |
erect or ascending, branched. |
Leaves | palmate; stipules ovate or lanceolate, 1–3 cm, margins entire or toothed, apex usually acuminate, sometimes 2-fid; petiole 3–15 cm; petiolules 1–1.5 mm; leaflets 3, blades broadly obovate, orbiculate, or rhombic-obovate, 0.8–4 × 0.7–3 cm, base broadly cuneate, veins obscure, thickened near leaflet margin, margins remotely dentate to densely serrulate-dentate, apex rounded or slightly retuse, surfaces glabrous or glabrate. |
palmate; stipules obliquely ovate, 0.4–1.2 cm, margins entire, toothed, or lacerate, apex acuminate; petiole 1–8 cm; petiolules 0.5 mm; leaflets 3, blades obovate or obcordate, 0.4–1.4 × 0.3–1.2 cm, base cuneate, veins fine, thickened distally, margins serrate, apex rounded or emarginate, surfaces villous or glabrous. |
Inflorescences | terminal or axillary, 10–30-flowered, subglobose or globose, 1–4 × 1–4 cm; involucres broadly bowl-shaped, 4–15 mm, lobes 3–8, lanceolate, acuminate, undivided or 2- or 3-fid. |
axillary or terminal, 10–17-flowered, subglobose, 0.8–1.7 × 0.5–1.5 cm; involucres cup-shaped, 0.5–1.5 cm, glabrous or sparsely hairy, lobes 8–12, ovate, conspicuously sharply toothed. |
Peduncles | 3–13 cm. |
1.5–7.4 cm. |
Pedicels | straight, 1 mm; bracteoles distinct or connate, broadly ovate, 1 mm. |
absent; bracteoles absent. |
Flowers | 10–27 mm; calyx campanulate, 3–8 mm, glabrous, veins 10, tube 1.5–2.5 mm, lobes 5–10, unequal, undivided or 3-fid, long-acuminate, orifice open; corolla creamy white to yellow, pink to purple in age, keel petals rarely dark purple, 10–27 mm, banner broadly ovate, inflated in fruit, not distally twisted, 10–27 × 6–15 mm, apex rounded, erose. |
6–7 mm; calyx tubular-campanulate, 3–4 mm, glabrous, veins 10, tube 2.5–3.5 mm, lobes ± equal, triangular, not or minutely aristate, conspicuously toothed, margins membranous, orifice open; corolla pale pink or white, 6–9 mm, banner oblong, 6–9 × 2–3 mm, apex narrowly rounded or emarginate-mucronate. |
Legumes | stipitate, linear, 7–8 mm. |
ovoid, 2–3 mm. |
Seeds | 3–8, gray, mottled, globose, 1.6–2 mm, reticulate. |
1 or 2, greenish, sometimes mottled, oblong, 1.5–2 mm, smooth. |
2n | = 16. |
= 16. |
Trifolium fucatum |
Trifolium microdon |
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Phenology | Flowering Apr–Jun. | Flowering Apr–Jul. |
Habitat | Moist places, meadows, roadsides. | Meadows, roadsides, dry slopes, fields, open oak or pine forests. |
Elevation | 0–1000 m. (0–3300 ft.) | 0–1500 m. (0–4900 ft.) |
Distribution |
CA; OR; WA [Introduced in Asia (China, Japan)]
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CA; ID; OR; WA; BC; Mexico (Baja California); South America (Chile)
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Discussion | Trifolium fucatum is known as an invasive species in Japan (T. Mito and T. Uesugi 2004) and has also been introduced in China (specimen at BM). A single old collection exists from British Columbia, but the species has not been collected in that province again. The Michigan record of the species is an inadvertent waif. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Trifolium microdon is one of several clovers that have an apparently natural disjunct distribution between the western coast of South America (Chile) and western North America. Others include T. depauperatum var. depauperatum and T. macraei. In herbarium specimens of Trifolium microdon, the folded involucre hides, or nearly hides, the calyces, whereas in herbarium specimens of similar T. microcephalum, the calyces are still visible. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 11. | FNA vol. 11. |
Parent taxa | Fabaceae > subfam. Faboideae > Trifolium | Fabaceae > subfam. Faboideae > Trifolium |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | T. flavulum, T. fucatum var. flavulum, T. fucatum var. gambelii, T. fucatum var. virescens, T. gambelii, T. physopetalum, T. virescens | T. microdon var. pilosum |
Name authority | Lindley: Edwards’s Bot. Reg. 22: plate 1883. (1836) | Hooker & Arnott: Bot. Misc. 3: 180. (1833) |
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