Trifolium fucatum |
Trifolium lupinaster |
|
---|---|---|
bull clover, sour clover |
lupine clover |
|
Habit | Herbs annual, 10–80 cm, glabrous or glabrescent. | Herbs perennial, 15–50 cm, glabrous or curly-pilose. |
Stems | erect or ascending, unbranched or densely dichotomously branched. |
erect, unbranched or branched distally. |
Leaves | palmate; stipules ovate or lanceolate, 1–3 cm, margins entire or toothed, apex usually acuminate, sometimes 2-fid; petiole 3–15 cm; petiolules 1–1.5 mm; leaflets 3, blades broadly obovate, orbiculate, or rhombic-obovate, 0.8–4 × 0.7–3 cm, base broadly cuneate, veins obscure, thickened near leaflet margin, margins remotely dentate to densely serrulate-dentate, apex rounded or slightly retuse, surfaces glabrous or glabrate. |
palmate; stipules adnate entire length of petiole, sheathing, lanceolate-oblong, 0.8–1.3 cm, margins sharply and finely serrate, pilose, apex acute; petiole 0.5–0.7 cm; petiolules 0.5 mm; leaflets (3–)5(–9), blades elliptic to linear-elliptic, 1–4 × 0.3–1.4 cm, base cuneate, veins prominent, cartilagenous, ending in sharp, curved teeth, margins setaceous, apex acute to obtuse, surfaces glabrous except midrib abaxially. |
Inflorescences | terminal or axillary, 10–30-flowered, subglobose or globose, 1–4 × 1–4 cm; involucres broadly bowl-shaped, 4–15 mm, lobes 3–8, lanceolate, acuminate, undivided or 2- or 3-fid. |
terminal or axillary, 10–30-flowered, hemispheric or globose, 1.7–2.3 × 2.7–3.3 cm; involucres oblique, to 0.5 mm, wavy to toothed. |
Peduncles | 3–13 cm. |
1–5 cm. |
Pedicels | straight, 1 mm; bracteoles distinct or connate, broadly ovate, 1 mm. |
erect or horizontal, 1–3 mm; bracteoles broadly shell-shaped, sometimes connate into lobed ridge, to 0.5 mm. |
Flowers | 10–27 mm; calyx campanulate, 3–8 mm, glabrous, veins 10, tube 1.5–2.5 mm, lobes 5–10, unequal, undivided or 3-fid, long-acuminate, orifice open; corolla creamy white to yellow, pink to purple in age, keel petals rarely dark purple, 10–27 mm, banner broadly ovate, inflated in fruit, not distally twisted, 10–27 × 6–15 mm, apex rounded, erose. |
11–17 mm; calyx campanulate, oblique, 6–9 mm, glabrous or sparsely hairy distally and along veins, veins 10, tube 3 mm, lobes subequal, pilose, abaxial slightly longer, subulate, orifice open; corolla white to rose-purple, 10–15 mm, banner rolled into open tube, arched upwards distally, 10–15 × 4–5 mm, apex broadly rounded or acute, apiculate. |
Legumes | stipitate, linear, 7–8 mm. |
oblong, 6–8 mm. |
Seeds | 3–8, gray, mottled, globose, 1.6–2 mm, reticulate. |
3–6, dark brown or gray-brown, globose-reniform, 1.5–2 mm, slightly roughened, dull. |
2n | = 16. |
= 16, 32, 40, 48. |
Trifolium fucatum |
Trifolium lupinaster |
|
Phenology | Flowering Apr–Jun. | Flowering Jun. |
Habitat | Moist places, meadows, roadsides. | Forest glades, meadows. |
Elevation | 0–1000 m. (0–3300 ft.) | 0–400 m. (0–1300 ft.) |
Distribution |
CA; OR; WA [Introduced in Asia (China, Japan)]
|
AK; Asia (n China, Russia) [Introduced in North America] |
Discussion | Trifolium fucatum is known as an invasive species in Japan (T. Mito and T. Uesugi 2004) and has also been introduced in China (specimen at BM). A single old collection exists from British Columbia, but the species has not been collected in that province again. The Michigan record of the species is an inadvertent waif. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Populations of Trifolium lupinaster in Alaska appear to have been introduced as a potential forage crop and spread from cultivation (D. F. Murray and H. F. Drury 1974). (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 11. | FNA vol. 11. |
Parent taxa | Fabaceae > subfam. Faboideae > Trifolium | Fabaceae > subfam. Faboideae > Trifolium |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | T. flavulum, T. fucatum var. flavulum, T. fucatum var. gambelii, T. fucatum var. virescens, T. gambelii, T. physopetalum, T. virescens | Lupinaster pentaphyllus, Pentaphyllon lupinaster |
Name authority | Lindley: Edwards’s Bot. Reg. 22: plate 1883. (1836) | Linnaeus: Sp. Pl. 2: 766. (1753) |
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