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bull clover, sour clover

Frisco clover

Habit Herbs annual, 10–80 cm, glabrous or glabrescent. Herbs perennial, mat-forming, 0.8–3 cm, canescent.
Stems

erect or ascending, unbranched or densely dichotomously branched.

cespitose, acaulescent.

Leaves

palmate;

stipules ovate or lanceolate, 1–3 cm, margins entire or toothed, apex usually acuminate, sometimes 2-fid;

petiole 3–15 cm;

petiolules 1–1.5 mm;

leaflets 3, blades broadly obovate, orbiculate, or rhombic-obovate, 0.8–4 × 0.7–3 cm, base broadly cuneate, veins obscure, thickened near leaflet margin, margins remotely dentate to densely serrulate-dentate, apex rounded or slightly retuse, surfaces glabrous or glabrate.

palmate;

stipules broadly lanceolate, 0.5–0.9 cm, margins entire, apex acute;

petiole 0.3–1.5 cm;

petiolules to 0.2 mm;

leaflets 3, blades oblanceolate to obovate, often folded, 0.3–0.8 × 0.1–0.4 cm, base cuneate, veins thickened, obscured by pubescence, margins entire or toothed distally, apex acute, surfaces densely silvery-hairy.

Inflorescences

terminal or axillary, 10–30-flowered, subglobose or globose, 1–4 × 1–4 cm;

involucres broadly bowl-shaped, 4–15 mm, lobes 3–8, lanceolate, acuminate, undivided or 2- or 3-fid.

terminal, 4–9-flowered, globose or depressed-globose, 1–1.5 × 1–2 cm;

involucres absent.

Peduncles

3–13 cm.

1–3 cm.

Pedicels

straight, 1 mm;

bracteoles distinct or connate, broadly ovate, 1 mm.

erect, 0.5 mm;

bracteoles absent.

Flowers

10–27 mm;

calyx campanulate, 3–8 mm, glabrous, veins 10, tube 1.5–2.5 mm, lobes 5–10, unequal, undivided or 3-fid, long-acuminate, orifice open;

corolla creamy white to yellow, pink to purple in age, keel petals rarely dark purple, 10–27 mm, banner broadly ovate, inflated in fruit, not distally twisted, 10–27 × 6–15 mm, apex rounded, erose.

9–11 mm;

calyx campanulate, 8.5–9.5 mm, canescent, veins 5–10 (obscured by hairs), tube 2.5–3 mm, lobes subequal, subulate, orifice open;

corolla with magenta banner, pale pink wing and keel petals, 8–10 mm, banner oblong, 8–10 × 2–3 mm, apex acute.

Legumes

stipitate, linear, 7–8 mm.

depressed-ellipsoid, 3–4 mm.

Seeds

3–8, gray, mottled, globose, 1.6–2 mm, reticulate.

1, brown, reniform, 2–2.5 mm, smooth.

2n

= 16.

= 16.

Trifolium fucatum

Trifolium friscanum

Phenology Flowering Apr–Jun. Flowering Jun–Jul.
Habitat Moist places, meadows, road­sides. Volcanic gravel and limestone in pinyon-juniper woodlands.
Elevation 0–1000 m. (0–3300 ft.) 2100–2300 m. (6900–7500 ft.)
Distribution
from FNA
CA; OR; WA [Introduced in Asia (China, Japan)]
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
from FNA
UT
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

Trifolium fucatum is known as an invasive species in Japan (T. Mito and T. Uesugi 2004) and has also been introduced in China (specimen at BM). A single old collection exists from British Columbia, but the species has not been collected in that province again. The Michigan record of the species is an inadvertent waif.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Trifolium friscanum is a rare species endemic to the Great Basin and is known from only five populations occupying nine sites in Beaver and Millard counties (D. Tilley 2012).

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Source FNA vol. 11. FNA vol. 11.
Parent taxa Fabaceae > subfam. Faboideae > Trifolium Fabaceae > subfam. Faboideae > Trifolium
Sibling taxa
T. albopurpureum, T. alexandrinum, T. amoenum, T. amphianthum, T. andersonii, T. andinum, T. angustifolium, T. appendiculatum, T. arvense, T. attenuatum, T. aureum, T. barbigerum, T. barnebyi, T. beckwithii, T. bejariense, T. bifidum, T. bolanderi, T. brandegeei, T. breweri, T. buckwestiorum, T. calcaricum, T. campestre, T. carolinianum, T. cernuum, T. ciliolatum, T. columbinum, T. cyathiferum, T. dasyphyllum, T. dedeckerae, T. depauperatum, T. dichotomum, T. douglasii, T. dubium, T. echinatum, T. eriocephalum, T. fragiferum, T. friscanum, T. glomeratum, T. gracilentum, T. grayi, T. gymnocarpon, T. haydenii, T. hirtum, T. howellii, T. hybridum, T. hydrophilum, T. incarnatum, T. jokerstii, T. kentuckiense, T. kingii, T. lappaceum, T. latifolium, T. leibergii, T. lemmonii, T. longipes, T. lupinaster, T. macilentum, T. macraei, T. macrocephalum, T. medium, T. microcephalum, T. microdon, T. monanthum, T. mucronatum, T. nanum, T. nigrescens, T. obtusiflorum, T. oliganthum, T. ornithopodioides, T. owyheense, T. palmeri, T. parryi, T. pinetorum, T. piorkowskii, T. plumosum, T. polyodon, T. pratense, T. productum, T. reflexum, T. repens, T. resupinatum, T. retusum, T. rollinsii, T. siskiyouense, T. sonorense, T. stoloniferum, T. striatum, T. subterraneum, T. suffocatum, T. thompsonii, T. tomentosum, T. trichocalyx, T. variegatum, T. vesiculosum, T. virginicum, T. willdenovii, T. wormskioldii
T. albopurpureum, T. alexandrinum, T. amoenum, T. amphianthum, T. andersonii, T. andinum, T. angustifolium, T. appendiculatum, T. arvense, T. attenuatum, T. aureum, T. barbigerum, T. barnebyi, T. beckwithii, T. bejariense, T. bifidum, T. bolanderi, T. brandegeei, T. breweri, T. buckwestiorum, T. calcaricum, T. campestre, T. carolinianum, T. cernuum, T. ciliolatum, T. columbinum, T. cyathiferum, T. dasyphyllum, T. dedeckerae, T. depauperatum, T. dichotomum, T. douglasii, T. dubium, T. echinatum, T. eriocephalum, T. fragiferum, T. fucatum, T. glomeratum, T. gracilentum, T. grayi, T. gymnocarpon, T. haydenii, T. hirtum, T. howellii, T. hybridum, T. hydrophilum, T. incarnatum, T. jokerstii, T. kentuckiense, T. kingii, T. lappaceum, T. latifolium, T. leibergii, T. lemmonii, T. longipes, T. lupinaster, T. macilentum, T. macraei, T. macrocephalum, T. medium, T. microcephalum, T. microdon, T. monanthum, T. mucronatum, T. nanum, T. nigrescens, T. obtusiflorum, T. oliganthum, T. ornithopodioides, T. owyheense, T. palmeri, T. parryi, T. pinetorum, T. piorkowskii, T. plumosum, T. polyodon, T. pratense, T. productum, T. reflexum, T. repens, T. resupinatum, T. retusum, T. rollinsii, T. siskiyouense, T. sonorense, T. stoloniferum, T. striatum, T. subterraneum, T. suffocatum, T. thompsonii, T. tomentosum, T. trichocalyx, T. variegatum, T. vesiculosum, T. virginicum, T. willdenovii, T. wormskioldii
Synonyms T. flavulum, T. fucatum var. flavulum, T. fucatum var. gambelii, T. fucatum var. virescens, T. gambelii, T. physopetalum, T. virescens T. andersonii var. friscanum
Name authority Lindley: Edwards’s Bot. Reg. 22: plate 1883. (1836) (S. L. Welsh) S. L. Welsh: Rhodora 95: 407. (1993)
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