Trifolium fucatum |
Trifolium douglasii |
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bull clover, sour clover |
Douglas' clover |
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Habit | Herbs annual, 10–80 cm, glabrous or glabrescent. | Herbs perennial, 20–75 cm, glabrous or slightly pilose. |
Stems | erect or ascending, unbranched or densely dichotomously branched. |
erect, unbranched or sparsely branched. |
Leaves | palmate; stipules ovate or lanceolate, 1–3 cm, margins entire or toothed, apex usually acuminate, sometimes 2-fid; petiole 3–15 cm; petiolules 1–1.5 mm; leaflets 3, blades broadly obovate, orbiculate, or rhombic-obovate, 0.8–4 × 0.7–3 cm, base broadly cuneate, veins obscure, thickened near leaflet margin, margins remotely dentate to densely serrulate-dentate, apex rounded or slightly retuse, surfaces glabrous or glabrate. |
palmate; stipules lanceolate to ovate, 1.5–6.5 cm, margins setose-serrulate or entire, apex acuminate; petiole 1.5–15 cm; petiolules 1 mm; leaflets 3, blades elliptic-oblanceolate to linear-elliptic, 3–9.5 × 0.5–1.6 cm, base cuneate, lateral veins prominent, recurved, dichotomously forked near margin, margins setose-denticulate to serrate, apex rounded or acute, surfaces glaucous, glabrous, sometimes sparsely pubescent abaxially. |
Inflorescences | terminal or axillary, 10–30-flowered, subglobose or globose, 1–4 × 1–4 cm; involucres broadly bowl-shaped, 4–15 mm, lobes 3–8, lanceolate, acuminate, undivided or 2- or 3-fid. |
terminal or axillary, 30–50+-flowered, umbellate, globose to ovoid, 1.5–5 × 2–3.5 cm; involucres absent. |
Peduncles | 3–13 cm. |
3–12 cm. |
Pedicels | straight, 1 mm; bracteoles distinct or connate, broadly ovate, 1 mm. |
erect or slightly reflexed, to 0.2 mm; bracteoles minute. |
Flowers | 10–27 mm; calyx campanulate, 3–8 mm, glabrous, veins 10, tube 1.5–2.5 mm, lobes 5–10, unequal, undivided or 3-fid, long-acuminate, orifice open; corolla creamy white to yellow, pink to purple in age, keel petals rarely dark purple, 10–27 mm, banner broadly ovate, inflated in fruit, not distally twisted, 10–27 × 6–15 mm, apex rounded, erose. |
14–16 mm; calyx campanulate, 6–9 mm, pilose, veins 15–20, tube 1.5–3 mm, lobes unequal, narrow, triangular or subulate, abaxial lobe straight, lateral and adaxial tortuous, recurved inwards around corolla, orifice open; corolla magenta, 12–16 mm, banner oblong, 12–16 × 4–6 mm, apex flared, acute or obtuse; ovaries glabrous or pubescent distally. |
Legumes | stipitate, linear, 7–8 mm. |
ovoid, 3–4.5 mm. |
Seeds | 3–8, gray, mottled, globose, 1.6–2 mm, reticulate. |
1 or 2, tan to brown, ovoid, 1–1.5 mm, slightly roughened. |
2n | = 16. |
= 16. |
Trifolium fucatum |
Trifolium douglasii |
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Phenology | Flowering Apr–Jun. | Flowering Jun–Jul. |
Habitat | Moist places, meadows, roadsides. | Moist meadows, rich soils in prairies, stream bottoms and banks, openings in pine forests. |
Elevation | 0–1000 m. (0–3300 ft.) | 600–1500 m. (2000–4900 ft.) |
Distribution |
CA; OR; WA [Introduced in Asia (China, Japan)]
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ID; OR; WA
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Discussion | Trifolium fucatum is known as an invasive species in Japan (T. Mito and T. Uesugi 2004) and has also been introduced in China (specimen at BM). A single old collection exists from British Columbia, but the species has not been collected in that province again. The Michigan record of the species is an inadvertent waif. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Trifolium douglasii is rare throughout its range and has been impacted by agricultural practices (P. Camp et al. 2011). (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 11. | FNA vol. 11. |
Parent taxa | Fabaceae > subfam. Faboideae > Trifolium | Fabaceae > subfam. Faboideae > Trifolium |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | T. flavulum, T. fucatum var. flavulum, T. fucatum var. gambelii, T. fucatum var. virescens, T. gambelii, T. physopetalum, T. virescens | T. altissimum |
Name authority | Lindley: Edwards’s Bot. Reg. 22: plate 1883. (1836) | House: Bot. Gaz. 41: 335. (1906) |
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